tibljТуберкулез и болезни легкихTuberculosis and Lung Diseases2075-12302542-1506Медицинские знания и технологии10.21292/2075-1230-2020-98-5-54-62tiblj-1427Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWАутоиммунная составляющая в этиологии саркоидозаAutoimmune component in the etiology of sarcoidosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-6986СтаршиноваА. А.StarshinovaA. A.starshinova_777@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-1781МалковаА. М.MalkovaA. M.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-4304ЗинченкоЮ. С.ZinchenkoYu. S.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2957-410XБасанцоваН. Ю.BasantsovaN. Yu.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467КудлайД. А.KudlayD. A.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-9643ЯблонскийП. К.YablonskiyP. K.ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова» МЗ РФРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research CenterRussian FederationФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»РоссияSt. Petersburg UniversityRussian FederationФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский НИИ фтизиопульмонологии» МЗ РФРоссияSt. Petersburg Research Institute of PhthisiopulmonologyRussian FederationФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»; ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский НИИ фтизиопульмонологии» МЗ РФРоссияSt. Petersburg University; St. Petersburg Research Institute of PhthisiopulmonologyRussian FederationФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА РоссииРоссияNRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of RussiaRussian Federation2020030620209855462Copyright © Старшинова А.А., Малкова А.М., Зинченко Ю.С., Басанцова Н.Ю., Кудлай Д.А., Яблонский П.К., 20202020Старшинова А.А., Малкова А.М., Зинченко Ю.С., Басанцова Н.Ю., Кудлай Д.А., Яблонский П.К.Starshinova A.A., Malkova A.M., Zinchenko Y.S., Basantsova N.Y., Kudlay D.A., Yablonskiy P.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1427

The article presents a review of 60 publications from international and Russian databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier) from 1960 to 2018 with the keywords "sarcoidosis," "autoimmune reactions," "antibodies," and "HLA-genotype" characterizing sarcoidosis as an autoimmune disease. The information is divided into sections: the role of triggers, clinical manifestations and combination with autoimmune diseases, immunogenetic predisposition, features of cellular immune response, humoral immune response, and immunosuppressive therapy.

саркоидозаутоиммунное заболеваниеэтиологияsarcoidosisautoimmune diseaseetiologyReferencesВизель А. А., Визель И. Ю. Лефлуномид как потенциальный препарат второго ряда в лечении саркоидоза // Туб. и болезни легких. ‒ 2019. ‒ Т. 97, № 8. ‒ С. 52-58.Vizel А.А., Vizel I.Yu. Leflunomide as a potential second-line drug in the treatment of sarcoidosis. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 2019, vol. 97, no. 8, pp. 52-58. (In Russ.)Ершов Г. А., Чурилов Л. П. О возможности аутоиммунной природы саркоидоза: какие аутоантигены вовлечены и почему? // Клин. патофизиология. ‒ 2017. ‒ Т. 3. ‒ С. 77-82.Ershov G.А., Churilov L.P. About potential autoimmune nature of sarcoidosis: which autologous antigens are involved and why? Klin. Patofiziologiya, 2017, vol. 3, pp. 77-82. (In Russ.)Зинченко Ю. С., Басанцова Н. Ю., Старшинова А. А., Гилбурд Б., Яблонский П. К. Аутоиммунный/провоспалительный синдром, индуцированный адъювантами, и саркоидоз // Медицинский альянс. ‒ 2019. ‒ № 3. ‒ С. 16-21.Zinchenko Yu.S., Basantsova N.Yu., Starshinova А.А., Gilburd B., Yablonskiy P.K. Autoimmune/pro-inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants and sarcoidosis. Meditsinsky Alyans, 2019, no. 3, pp. 16-21. (In Russ.)Зинченко Ю. С., Старшинова А. А., Филатов М. В., Истомина Е. В., Бурдаков В. С. Денисова Н. В., Ланда С. Б., Бурдаков В. С., Степаненко Т. А., Яблонский П. К. Аутоиммунная природа саркоидоза: определение специ-Zinchenko Yu.S., Starshinova А.А., Filatov M.V., Istomina E.V., Burdakov V.S., Denisova N.V., Landa S.B., Burdakov V.S., Stepanenko T.А., Yablonskiy P.K. Autoimmune nature of sarcoidosis: the identification of specific immune complexes in patients with respiratory sarcoidosis. Meditsinskaya Immunologiya, 2019, vol. 3, pp. 479-486. (In Russ.)фических иммунных комплексов у больных саркоидозом органов дыхания // Медицинская иммунология. ‒ 2019. ‒ Т. 3. ‒ С. 479-486.Ilkovich M.M., eds., Interstitsialnye i orfannye zabolevaniya legkikh. [Interstitial and orphan lung diseases]. Moscow, GEOTAR-Media Publ., 2016, pp. 560.Илькович М. М. (под ред.). Интерстициальные и орфанные заболевания легких. ‒ М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016. ‒ С. 560.Kudryavtsev I.V., Lazareva N.M., Baranova O.P., Serebryakova M.K., Ses T.P., Ilkovich M.M., Totolyan А.А. Features of CD57 expression by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. Rossiyskiy Immunologicheskiy Journal, 2018, vol. 12, no. 21, pp. 329-334. (In Russ.)Кудрявцев И. В., Лазарева Н. М., Баранова О. П., Серебрякова М. К., Сесь Т. П., Илькович М. М., Тотолян А. А. Особенности экспрессии CD57 цитотоксическими Т-лимфоцитами при саркоидозе // Российский иммунологический журнал. ‒ 2018. ‒ Т. 12, № 21. ‒ С. 329-334.Lazareva N.M., Kudryavtsev I.V., Baranova O.P., Serebryakova M.K., Ses T.P., Ilkovich M.M., Totolyan А.А. Subpopulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes of peripheral blood in sarcoidosis. Rossiyskiy Immunologicheskiy Journal, 2018, vol. 12, no. 21, pp. 348-353. (In Russ.)Лазарева Н. М., Кудрявцев И. В., Баранова О. П., Серебрякова М. К., Сесь Т. П., Илькович М. М., Тотолян А. А. Субпопуляционный состав цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов периферической крови при саркоидозе // Российский иммунологический журнал. ‒ 2018. ‒ Т. 12, № 21. ‒ С. 348-353.Ahmadzai H., Cameron B., Chui J., Lloyd A., Wakefield D., Thomas P. Peripheral blood responses to specific antigens and CD28 in sarcoidosis. J. Respir. Med., 2012, vol. 106, no. 5, pp. 701-709. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154716.Ahmadzai H., Cameron B., Chui J., Lloyd A., Wakefield D., Thomas P. Peripheral blood responses to specific antigens and CD28 in sarcoidosis // J. Respir. Med. ‒ 2012. ‒ Vol. 106, № 5. ‒ Р. 701-709. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154716.Ang S.C., Moscovic E.A. Cross-reactive and species specific mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in the immunoprofile of Schaumann bodies: a major clue to the etiology of sarcoidosis. J. Histol. Histopathol., 1996, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 125-134.Ang S. C., Moscovic E. A. Cross-reactive and species specific mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in the immunoprofile of Schaumann bodies: a major clue to the etiology of sarcoidosis // J. Histol. histopathol. ‒ 1996, Vol. 11, № 1. ‒ P. 125-134.Arango M., Perricone C., Kivity S., Cipriano E., Ceccarelli F., Valesini G., Shoenfeld Y. HLA-DRB1 the notorious gene in the mosaic of autoimmunity. J. Immunol. Res., 2017, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 82-98. doi: 10.1007/s12026-016-8817-7.Arango M., Perricone C., Kivity S., Cipriano E., Ceccarelli F., Valesini G., Shoenfeld Y. HLA-DRB1 the notorious gene in the mosaic of autoimmunity // J. Immunol. Res. ‒ 2017. ‒ Vol. 65, № 1. ‒ P. 82-98. DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8817-7.Armbruster C., Dekan G., Hovorka A. Granulomatous pneumonitis and mediastinal lymphadenopathydue to photocopier toner dust. Lancet, 1996, vol. 348, no. 9028, pp. 690, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)65119-7.Armbruster C., Dekan G., Hovorka A. Granulomatous pneumonitis and mediastinal lymphadenopathydue to photocopier toner dust // Lancet. ‒ 1996. ‒ Vol. 348, № 9028. ‒ Р. 690. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)65119-7.Balk E.M., Earley A., Avendano E.A., Raman G. Long-termhealth outcomes in women with silicone gel breast implants: a systematic review. Ann. Intern. Med., 2016, vol. 164, pp. 164-175. doi:10.7326/M15-1169.Balk E. M., Earley A., Avendano E. A., Raman G. Long-termhealth outcomes in women with silicone gel breast implants: a systematic review // Ann. Intern. Med. ‒ 2016. ‒ Vol. 164. ‒ P. 164-175. doi:10.7326/M15-1169.Baughman R.P., Lower E.E. Leflunomide for chronic sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc. Dif. Lung Dis., 2004, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 43-48.Baughman R. P., Lower E. E. Leflunomide for chronic sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc // Dif. Lung Dis. ‒ 2004. ‒ Vol. 21, № 1. ‒ P. 43-48.Belhomme N., Jouneau S., Bouzillé G., Decaux O., Lederlin M., Guillot S., Perlat A., Jégo P. Role of serum immunoglobulins for predicting sarcoidosis outcome: A cohort study. PLoS One, 2018, vol. 13, no. 4, e0193122. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193122.Belhomme N., Jouneau S., Bouzillé G., Decaux O., Lederlin M., Guillot S., Perlat A., Jégo P. Role of serum immunoglobulins for predicting sarcoidosis outcome: A cohort study // PLoS One. ‒ 2018. ‒ Vol. 13, № 4. ‒ e0193122. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193122.Bindoli S., Dagan A., Torres-Ruiz J.J., Perricone C., Bizjak M., Doria A., Shoenfeld Y. sarcoidosis and autoimmunity: from genetic background to environmental factors. Isr. Med. Assoc. J., 2016, vol. 18, no. 3-4, pp. 197-202.Bindoli S., Dagan A., Torres-Ruiz J. J., Perricone C., Bizjak M., Doria A., Shoenfeld Y. sarcoidosis and autoimmunity: from genetic background to environmental factors // Isr. Med. Assoc. J. ‒ 2016. ‒ Vol. 18, № 3-4. ‒ P. 197-202.Bowers B., Hasni S., Gruber B.L. Sarcoidosis in world trade center rescue workers presenting with rheumatologic manifestations. J. Clin. Rheumatol., 2010, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 26-27.Bowers B., Hasni S., Gruber B. L. Sarcoidosis in world trade center rescue workers presenting with rheumatologic manifestations // J. Clin. Rheumatol. ‒ 2010. ‒ Vol. 16, № 1. ‒ P. 26-27.Cain H., Kraus B. Immunofluorescence microscopic demonstration of vimentin filaments in asteroid bodies of sarcoidosis. A comparison with electron microscopic findings. J. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol., 1983, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 213-226. doi: 10.1007/bf02890384.Cain H., Kraus B. Immunofluorescence microscopic demonstration of vimentin filaments in asteroid bodies of sarcoidosis. A comparison with electron microscopic findings // J. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol. ‒ 1983. ‒ Vol 42, № 2. ‒ P. 213-226. DOI: 10.1007/bf02890384.Cohen Tervaert J.W., Colaris M.J., van der Hulst R.R. Silicone breast implants and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: myth or reality. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol., 2017, vol. 29, pp. 348-354. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000391.Cohen Tervaert J. W., Colaris M. J., van der Hulst R. R. Silicone breast implants and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: myth or reality // Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. ‒ 2017. ‒ Vol. 29. ‒ P. 348-354. DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000391.Darlington P., Tallstedt L., Padyukov L., Kockum I., Cederlund K., Eklund A. et al. HLA-DRB1 alleles and symptoms associated with Рeerfordt’s syndrome in sarcoidosis. J. Eur. Respire, 2011, vol. 38, pp. 1151-1157. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00025011.Darlington P., Tallstedt L., Padyukov L., Kockum I., Cederlund K., Eklund A. et al. HLA-DRB1 alleles and symptoms associated with Рeerfordt’s syndrome in sarcoidosis // J. Eur. Respire. ‒ 2011. ‒ Vol. 38. ‒ P. 1151-1157. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00025011.Denic A., Wootla B., Rodriguez M. CD8(+) T cells in multiple sclerosis. Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets, 2013, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1053-1066. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2013.815726.Denic A., Wootla B., Rodriguez M. CD8(+) T cells in multiple sclerosis // Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets. ‒ 2013. ‒ Vol. 17, № 9. ‒ P. 1053-1066. DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.815726.Drake W.P., Dhason M.S., Nadaf M., Shepherd B.E., Vadivelu S., Hajizadeh R., Newman L.S., Kalams S.A. Cellular recognition of mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 and KATG peptides in systemic sarcoidosis. J. Infectimmun., 2007, vol. 75, pp. 527-530 doi: 10.1007/s10875-009-9311-y.Drake W. P., Dhason M. S., Nadaf M., Shepherd B. E., Vadivelu S., Hajizadeh R., Newman L. S., Kalams S. A. Cellular recognition of mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 and KATG peptides in systemic sarcoidosis // J. Infectimmun. ‒ 2007. ‒ Vol. 75. ‒ P. 527-530 doi: 10.1007/s10875-009-9311-y.Dua A., Manadan A. Images in clinical medicine. Heerfordt’s syndrome, or uveoparotid fever. N. Engl. J. Med., 2013, vol. 369, no. 5, pp. 458. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm1303454.Dua A., Manadan A. Images in clinical medicine. Heerfordt’s syndrome, or uveoparotid fever // N. Engl. J. Med. ‒ 2013. ‒ Vol. 369, № 5. ‒ P. 458. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm1303454.Ewers U., Nowak D. Gesundheitsschäden und Erkrankungen durch Emissionen aus Laserdruckern und Kopiergeräten? Gefahrstoffe. Reinhalt. Luft., 2006, vol. 66, pp. 203-210.Ewers U., Nowak D. Gesundheitsschäden und Erkrankungen durch Emissionen aus Laserdruckern und Kopiergeräten? // Gefahrstoffe. Reinhalt. Luft. ‒ 2006. ‒ Vol. 66. ‒ P. 203-210.Fagan E.A., Moore-Gillon J.C., Turner-Warwick M. Multiorgan granulomas and mitochondrial antibodies. J. Med., 1983, vol. 308, pp. 572-575. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198303103081006.Fagan E. A., Moore-Gillon J. C., Turner-Warwick M. Multiorgan granulomas and mitochondrial antibodies // J. Med. ‒ 1983. ‒ Vol. 308. ‒ P. 572-575. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198303103081006.Farhat S.C., Silva C.A., Orione M.A., Campos L.M., Sallum A.M., Braga A.L. Air pollution in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a review. Autoimmun. Rev., 2011, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.06.008.Farhat S. C., Silva C. A., Orione M. A., Campos L. M., Sallum A. M., Braga A. L. Air pollution in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a review // Autoimmun. Rev. ‒ 2011. ‒ Vol. 11, № 1. ‒ P. 14-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.06.008.Fingerlin T.E., Hamzeh N., Maier L.A. Genetics of sarcoidosis. J. Clin. Chest Med., 2015, vol. 36, pp. 569-584. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2015.08.002.Fingerlin T. E., Hamzeh N., Maier L. A. Genetics of sarcoidosis // J. Clin. Chest Med. ‒ 2015. ‒ Vol. 36. ‒ P. 569-584. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2015.08.002.Georas S.N., Chapman T.J., Crouser E.D. Sarcoidosis and T-helper cells. Th1, Th17, or Th17.1? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2016, vol. 193, no. 11, pp. 1198-200.Georas S. N., Chapman T. J., Crouser E. D. Sarcoidosis and T-helper cells. Th1, Th17, or Th17.1? // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. ‒ 2016. ‒ Vol. 193, № 11. ‒ P. 1198-200.Hu Y., Yibrehu B., Zabini D., Kuebler W.M. Animal models of sarcoidosis. J. Cell Tissue Res., 2017, vol. 367, no. 3, pp. 651-661 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2526-3.Hu Y., Yibrehu B., Zabini D., Kuebler W. M. Animal models of sarcoidosis // J. Cell Tissue Res. ‒ 2017. ‒ Vol. 367, № 3. ‒ P. 651-661 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2526-3.Huang H., Lu Z., Jiang C., Liu J., Wang Y., Xu Z. Imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T-cells in sarcoidosis. J. Mol. Sci., 2013, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 21463-21473. doi:10.3390/ijms141121463.Huang H., Lu Z., Jiang C., Liu J., Wang Y., Xu Z. Imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T-cells in sarcoidosis // J. Mol. Sci. ‒ 2013. ‒ Vol. 14, № 11. ‒ P. 21463-21473. doi:10.3390/ijms141121463.Kamphuis L.S., van Zelm M.C., Lam K.H., Rimmelzwaan G.F., Baarsma G.S., Dik W.A., Thio H.B., van Daele P.L., van Velthoven M.E., Batstra M.R., van Hagen P.M., van Laar J.A. Perigranuloma localization and abnormal maturation of B cells: emerging key players in sarcoidosis? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2013, vol. 187, no. 4, pp. 406-416. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201206-1024OC.Kamphuis L. S., van Zelm M. C., Lam K. H., Rimmelzwaan G. F., Baarsma G. S., Dik W. A., Thio H. B., van Daele P. L., van Velthoven M. E., Batstra M. R., van Hagen P. M., van Laar J. A. Perigranuloma localization and abnormal maturation of B cells: emerging key players in sarcoidosis? // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. ‒ 2013. ‒ Vol. 187, № 4. ‒ P. 406-416. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201206-1024OC.Katchar K., Soderstrom K., Wahlstrom J., Eklund A., Grunewald J. Characterization of natural killer cells and CD56+ T-cells in sarcoidosis patients. Eur. Respir. J., 2005, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 77-85. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00030805.Katchar K., Soderstrom K., Wahlstrom J., Eklund A., Grunewald J. Characterization of natural killer cells and CD56+ T-cells in sarcoidosis patients // Eur. Respir. J. ‒ 2005. ‒ Vol. 26, № 1. ‒ P. 77-85. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00030805.Kobak S. Sarcoidosis: a rheumatologist’s perspective. J. Ther. Adv. Musculoskel. Dis., 2015, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 196-205. doi:10.1177/1759720X15591310.Kobak S. Sarcoidosis: a rheumatologist’s perspective // J. Ther. Adv. Musculoskel. Dis. ‒ 2015. ‒ Vol. 7, № 5. ‒ P. 196-205. doi:10.1177/1759720X15591310.Kobak S., Yilmaz H., Sever F., Duran A., Sen N. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in patients with sarcoidosis. J. Vasc. Diffuse Lung Dis., 2014, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 206-210.Kobak S., Yilmaz H., Sever F., Duran A., Sen N. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in patients with sarcoidosis // J. Vasc. Diffuse Lung Dis. ‒ 2014. ‒ Vol. 31, № 3. ‒ P. 206-210.Kobak S., Yilmaz H., Sever F., Duran A., Sen N., Karaarslan A. The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in patients with sarcoidosis. Autoimmune Dis., 2014:351852. doi: 10.1155/2014/351852.Kobak S., Yilmaz H., Sever F., Duran A., Sen N., Karaarslan A. The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in patients with sarcoidosis // Autoimmune Dis. ‒ 2014:351852. doi: 10.1155/2014/351852.Levin A.M., Iannuzzi M.C., Montgomery C.G., Trudeau S., Datta I., McKeigue P. Association of ANXA11 genetic variation with sarcoidosis in African Americans and European Americans. Genes Immun., 2013, vol. 4, pp. 13-18.Levin A. M., Iannuzzi M. C., Montgomery C. G., Trudeau S., Datta I., McKeigue P. Association of ANXA11 genetic variation with sarcoidosis in African Americans and European Americans // Genes Immun. ‒ 2013. ‒ Vol. 4. ‒ P. 13-18.Maddrey W.C., Johns C.J., Boitnott J.K., Iber F.L. Sarcoidosis and chronic hepatic disease: a clinical and pathological study of 20 patients. J. Medicine., 1970, vol. 49, pp. 375-395. doi: 10.1097/00005792-197009000-00002.Maddrey W. C., Johns C. J., Boitnott J. K., Iber F. L. Sarcoidosis and chronic hepatic disease: a clinical and pathological study of 20 patients // J. Medicine. ‒ 1970. ‒ Vol. 49. ‒ P. 375-395. DOI: 10.1097/00005792-197009000-00002.Miro-Mur F., Hindie M., Kandhaya-Pillai R., Tobajas V., Schwartz S.Jr., Alijotas-Reig J. Medical-grade silicone induces release of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells without activating T cells. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater., 2009, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 510-520. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.31312.Miro-Mur F., Hindie M., Kandhaya-Pillai R., Tobajas V., Schwartz S. Jr., Alijotas-Reig J. Medical-grade silicone induces release of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells without activating T cells // J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater. ‒ 2009. ‒ Vol. 90, № 2. ‒ P. 510-520. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31312.Musaelyan A., Lapin S., Nazarov V., Tkachenko O., Gilburd B., Mazing A., Mikhailova L., Shoenfeld Y. Vimentin as antigenic target in autoimmunity: a comprehensive review. J. Autoimmun. Rev., 2018, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 926-934. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.04.004.Musaelyan A., Lapin S., Nazarov V., Tkachenko O., Gilburd B., Mazing A., Mikhailova L., Shoenfeld Y. Vimentin as antigenic target in autoimmunity: a comprehensive review // J. Autoimmun. Rev. ‒ 2018. ‒ Vol. 17, № 9. ‒ P. 926-934. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.04.004.Nanke Y., Kobashigawa T., Yago T., Kawamoto M., Yamanaka H., Kotake S. Detection of IFN-γ+IL-17+ cells in salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome and Mikulicz's disease: Potential role of Th17•Th1 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi, 2016, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 473-477. doi: 10.2177/jsci.39.473Nanke Y., Kobashigawa T., Yago T., Kawamoto M., Yamanaka H., Kotake S. Detection of IFN-γ+IL-17+ cells in salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome and Mikulicz's disease: Potential role of Th17•Th1 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases // Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. ‒ 2016. ‒ Vol. 39, № 5. ‒ P. 473-477. DOI: 10.2177/jsci.39.473Nistala K., Adams S., Cambrook H., Ursu S., Olivito B., de Jager W., Evans J.G., Cimaz R., Bajaj-Elliott M., Wedderburn L.R. Th17 plasticity in human autoimmune arthritis is driven by the inflammatory environment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 2010, vol. 107, no. 33, pp. 14751-14756. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1003852107.Nistala K., Adams S., Cambrook H., Ursu S., Olivito B., de Jager W., Evans J.G., Cimaz R., Bajaj-Elliott M., Wedderburn L.R. Th17 plasticity in human autoimmune arthritis is driven by the inflammatory environment // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. ‒ 2010. ‒ Vol. 107, № 33. ‒ P. 14751-14756. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003852107.Petrelli A., van Wijk F. CD8(+) T cells in human autoimmune arthritis: the unusual suspects. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol., 2016, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 421-428. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.74.Petrelli A., van Wijk F. CD8(+) T cells in human autoimmune arthritis: the unusual suspects // Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. ‒ 2016. ‒ Vol. 12, № 7. ‒ P. 421-428. DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.74.Ping W., Song G.Zh. Regulatory T cells and B cells: implication on autoimmune diseases. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol., 2013, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 2668-2674.Ping W., Song G. Zh. Regulatory T cells and B cells: implication on autoimmune diseases // Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. ‒ 2013. ‒ Vol. 6, № 12. ‒ P. 2668-2674.Prasse A., Georges C.G., Biller H., Hamm H., Matthys H., Luttmann W., Virchow J.C.Jr. Th1 cytokine pattern in sarcoidosis is expressed by bronchoalveolar CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2000, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 241-248. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01365.x.Prasse A., Georges C. G., Biller H., Hamm H., Matthys H., Luttmann W., Virchow J. C. Jr. Th1 cytokine pattern in sarcoidosis is expressed by bronchoalveolar CD4+ and CD8+ T cells // Clin. Exp. Immunol. ‒ 2000. ‒ Vol. 122, № 2. ‒ P. 241-248. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01365.x.Rigby M.R., Ehlers M.R. Targeted immune interventions for type 1 diabetes: not as easy as it looks!. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes., 2014, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 271-278. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000075.Rigby M. R., Ehlers M. R. Targeted immune interventions for type 1 diabetes: not as easy as it looks! // Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes. ‒ 2014. ‒ Vol. 21, № 4. ‒ P. 271-278. DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000075.Rose N.R., Bona C. Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (witebsky's postulates revisited). J. Immunol. Today, 1993, vol. 14, pp. 426-430.Rose N. R., Bona C. Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (witebsky's postulates revisited) // J. Immunol today. ‒ 1993. ‒ Vol. 14. ‒ P. 426-430.Rossman M.D., Thompson B., Frederick M., Iannuzzi M.C., Rybicki B.A., Pander J.P. HLA and environmental interactions in sarcoidosis. J. Sarcoidosis. Vasc. Diffuse Lung Dis., 2008, vol. 25, pp. 125-132.Rossman M. D., Thompson B., Frederick M., Iannuzzi M. C., Rybicki B. A., Pander J. P. HLA and environmental interactions in sarcoidosis // J. Sarcoidosis. Vasc. Diffuse Lung Dis. ‒ 2008. ‒ Vol. 25. ‒ P. 125-132.Rossman M.D., Thompson B., Frederick M., Maliarik M., Iannuzzi M.C., Rybicki B.A. HLA-DRB1*1101: a significant risk factor for sarcoidosis in blacks and whites. J. Hum. Genet., 2003, vol. 73, pp. 720-735. doi: 10.1086/378097.Rossman M. D., Thompson B., Frederick M., Maliarik M., Iannuzzi M. C., Rybicki B. A. HLA-DRB1*1101: a significant risk factor for sarcoidosis in blacks and whites // J. Hum. Genet. ‒ 2003. ‒ Vol. 73. ‒ P. 720-735. DOI: 10.1086/378097.Sahoo D.H., Bandyopadhyay D., Xu M., Pearson K., Parambil J.G., Lazar C.A., Chapman J.T., Culver D.A. Effectiveness and safety of leflunomide for pulmonary and extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. Eur. Respir. J., 2011, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 1145-1150. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00195010.Sahoo D. H., Bandyopadhyay D., Xu M., Pearson K., Parambil J. G., Lazar C. A., Chapman J. T., Culver D. A. Effectiveness and safety of leflunomide for pulmonary and extrapulmonary sarcoidosis // Eur. Respir. J. ‒ 2011. ‒ Vol. 38, № 5. ‒ P. 1145-1150. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00195010.Sakthivela P., Brudera B. Mechanism of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis. Curr. Opin. Hematol., 2017, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 59-65. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000301.Sakthivela P., Brudera B. Mechanism of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis // Curr. Opin. Hematol. ‒ 2017. ‒ Vol. 24, № 1. ‒ P. 59-65. DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000301.Santiago T., Santiago M., Rovisco J., Ferreira J., Duarte C., Malcata A., Da Silva J. Coexisting primary Sjögren’s syndrome and sarcoidosis: coincidence, mutually exclusive conditions or syndrome? J. Rheumatology International., 2014, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 1619-1622. doi: 10.1007/s00296-014-3024-0.Santiago T., Santiago M., Rovisco J., Ferreira J., Duarte C., Malcata A., Da Silva J. Coexisting primary Sjögren’s syndrome and sarcoidosis: coincidence, mutually exclusive conditions or syndrome? // J. Rheumatology International. ‒ 2014. ‒ Vol. 34, № 11. ‒ P. 1619-1622. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3024-0.Shoenfeld Y., Agmon-levin N. ASIA ‒ autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. J. Autoimmun., 2011, vol. 36, pp. 4-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.07.003.Shoenfeld Y., Agmon-levin N. ASIA ‒ autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants // J. Autoimmun. ‒ 2011. ‒Vol. 36. ‒ P. 4-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.07.003.Soto-Gomez N., Peters J.I., Nambiar A.M. Diagnosis and management of sarcoidosis. J. Am. Family Physician, 2015, vol. 93, pp. 840-850. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0515/p840.html.Soto-Gomez N., Peters J. I., Nambiar A. M. Diagnosis and management of sarcoidosis // J. Am. Family Physician. ‒ 2015. ‒ Vol. 93. ‒ P. 840-850. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0515/p840.html.Stanca C.M., Fiel I.M., Allina J., Caracta C.F., Odin J.A. Liver failure in an antimitochondrial antibody-positive patient with sarcoidosis: primary biliary cirrhosis or hepatic sarcoidosis? J. Semin. Liver Dis., 2005, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 364-370. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-916327.Stanca C. M., Fiel I. M., Allina J., Caracta C. F., Odin J. A. Liver failure in an antimitochondrial antibody-positive patient with sarcoidosis: primary biliary cirrhosis or hepatic sarcoidosis? // J. Semin. Liver Dis. ‒ 2005. ‒ Vol. 25, № 3. ‒ P. 364-370. DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-916327.Vitali C., Bombardieri S., Jonsson R. et al. Classification criteria for Sjogren’s syndrome: a revised version of the european criteria proposed by the american-european consensus group. J. Ann. Rheum Dis., 2002, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 554-558. doi: 10.1136/ard.61.6.554.Vitali C., Bombardieri S., Jonsson R. et al. Classification criteria for Sjogren’s syndrome: a revised version of the european criteria proposed by the american-european consensus group // J. Ann. Rheum Dis. ‒ 2002. ‒ Vol. 61, № 6. ‒ P. 554-558. DOI: 10.1136/ard.61.6.554.Wahlström J., Dengjel J., Persson B., Duyar H., Rammensee H., Stevanovic´ S., Eklund A., Weissert R., Grunewald J. Identification of HLA‒DR-bound peptides presented by human bronchoalveolar lavage cells in sarcoidosis. J. Clin. Invest., 2007, vol. 117, pp. 3576-3582. doi: 10.1172/JCI32401.Wahlström J., Dengjel J., Persson B., Duyar H., Rammensee H., Stevanovic´ S., Eklund A., Weissert R., Grunewald J. Identification of HLA‒DR-bound peptides presented by human bronchoalveolar lavage cells in sarcoidosis // J. Clin. Invest. ‒ 2007. ‒ Vol. 117. ‒ P. 3576-3582. DOI: 10.1172/JCI32401.Wahlström J., Dengjel J., Winqvist O., Targoff I., Persson B., Duyar H., Rammensee H.G., Eklund A., Weissert R., Grunewald J. Autoimmune T cell responses to antigenic peptides presented by bronchoalveolar lavage cell HLA-DR molecules in sarcoidosis. J. Clin. Immunol., 2009, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 353-363. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.08.008.Wahlström J., Dengjel J., Winqvist O., Targoff I., Persson B., Duyar H., Rammensee H.G., Eklund A., Weissert R., Grunewald J. Autoimmune T cell responses to antigenic peptides presented by bronchoalveolar lavage cell HLA-DR molecules in sarcoidosis // J. Clin. Immunol. ‒ 2009. ‒ Vol. 133, № 3. ‒ P. 353-363. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.08.008.Watad A., Rosenberg V., Tiosano S. et al. Silicone breast implants and the risk of autoimmune diseases: real world analysis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2018, vol. 77, pp. 1191-1192. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyy217.Watad A., Rosenberg V., Tiosano S. et al. Silicone breast implants and the risk of autoimmune diseases: real world analysis // Ann. Rheum. Dis. ‒ 2018, Vol. 77. ‒ P. 1191-1192. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyy217.Wesemann D.R., Costenbader K.H., Coblyn J.S. Co-existing sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome case reports and discussion from the brigham and women’s hospital lupus center. J. Lupus., 2009, vol. 18, pp. 202-205. doi: 10.1177/0961203308100483.Wesemann D. R., Costenbader K. H., Coblyn J. S. Co-existing sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome case reports and discussion from the brigham and women’s hospital lupus center // J. Lupus. ‒ 2009. ‒ Vol. 18. ‒ P. 202-205. DOI: 10.1177/0961203308100483.Wu J.J., Schiff K.R. Sarcoidosis. J. Fam. Physician., 2004, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 312-322.Wu J. J., Schiff K. R. Sarcoidosis // J. Fam. Physician. ‒ 2004. ‒ Vol. 70, № 2. ‒ P. 312-322.Zolotykh V.G., Kim А.Y., Shoenfeld Y., Churilov L.P. Galactorrhea following silicone breast implant placement. Israel Med. Association J., vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 523,Zolotykh V. G., Kim А. Y., Shoenfeld Y., Churilov L. P. Galactorrhea following silicone breast implant placement // Israel Med. Association J. ‒ Vol. 21, № 8. ‒ Р. 523.Zolotykh V. G., Kim А. Y., Shoenfeld Y., Churilov L. P. Galactorrhea following silicone breast implant placement // Israel Med. Association J. ‒ Vol. 21, № 8. ‒ Р. 523.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.