<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tiblj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез и болезни легких</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-1230</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Медицинские знания и технологии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-5-25-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tiblj-1536</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бронхоскопические биопсии с навигацией радиальной эндобронхиальной ультрасонографией в диагностике туберкулеза и микобактериоза у пациентов с периферическими образованиями легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bronchoscopic biopsies with radial endobronchial ultrasonographic navigation in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis in patients with peripheral lung masses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-1808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалина</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalina</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шабалина Ирина Юрьевна, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра диагностики и реабилитации заболеваний органов дыхания, врач-эндоскопист</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Shabalina, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher at Center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Endoscopist</p><p>2, Yauzskaya Alleya, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bronholog@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytseva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайцева Анна Сергеевна, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая 4-м терапевтическим отделением отдела дифференциальной диагностики туберкулеза легких и экстракорпоральных методов лечения, врач-пульмонолог</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Zaytseva, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the 4th TherapeuticUnit of the Department for Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Extracorporeal Methods of Treatment, Pulmonologist</p><p>2, Yauzskaya Alleya, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anyasyls@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Анна Игоревна, заведующая клинико-диагностической лабораторией Центра диагностики и реабилитации заболеваний органов дыхания</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna I. Popova, Head of the Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory of Center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics and Rehabilitation</p><p>2, Yauzskaya Alleya, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kdl@ctri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-175X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионова</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionova</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларионова Елена Евгеньевна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела микробиологии</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena E. Larionova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher of Microbiological Department</p><p>2, Yauzskaya Alleya, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-4677</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ловачева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lovacheva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ловачева Ольга Викторовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела дифференциальной диагностики и лечения туберкулеза и сочетанных инфекций</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Lovacheva, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of Department for Differential Diagnostics and Treatment of Tuberculosis and Concurrent Infections</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.lovacheva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эргешов</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ergeshov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эргешов Атаджан Эргешович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Atadzhan E. Ergeshov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director</p><p>2, Yauzskaya Alleya, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.ergeshov@ctri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Central Tuberculosis Research Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» МЗ РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шабалина И.Ю., Зайцева А.С., Попова А.И., Ларионова Е.Е., Ловачева О.В., Эргешов А.Э., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шабалина И.Ю., Зайцева А.С., Попова А.И., Ларионова Е.Е., Ловачева О.В., Эргешов А.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shabalina I.Y., Zaytseva A.S., Popova A.I., Larionova E.E., Lovacheva O.V., Ergeshov A.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1536">https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1536</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: оценить эффективность диагностики туберкулеза и микобактериоза в материале бронхобиопсий, полученных при навигации радиальной эндобронхиальной ультрасонографией (рЭБУС), у пациентов с периферическими образованиями (ПО) легких без бактериовыделения.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ диагностической эффективности бронхоскопического исследования с биопсиями у 179 пациентов (75 мужчин и 104 женщины) с туберкулезом или микобактериозом легких без бактериовыделения, визуализированным по данным компьютерной томографии (КТ) как ПО легких. Эти пациенты разделены на две группы: у 93 ‒ выполнены бронхоскопии с биопсиями при рЭБУС-навигации, у 86 – бронхоскопия с классическими биопсиями и предварительной КТ-навигацией. Каждому пациенту проведено несколько видов биопсий, как минимум одна из жидкостных биопсий (бронхоальвеолярный лаваж или бронхиальный смыв) и одна тканевая биопсия (трансбронхиальная биопсия легкого или браш-биопсия). Материал всех видов бронхобиопсий направлялся на микробиологическое и цитологическое исследования, материал трансбронхиальной биопсии легких ‒ дополнительно на гистологическое исследование.Результаты. Диагноз туберкулеза был верифицирован по бронхобиопсиям у 106 (67.5%) из 158 больных туберкулезом, но в группе с рЭБУС-навигацией статистически значимо чаще, чем в группе без нее ‒ 81.9% (68/83) против 50.7% (38/75) соответственно (pχ2 &lt; 0.01). Диагноз нетуберкулезного микобактериоза верифицирован по бронхобиопсиям у 13 (61.9%) из 21 больного, в группе с рЭБУС-навигацией ‒ у 80.0% (8/10) пациентов, в группе без нее ‒ у 45.5% (5/11) (рφ &gt; 0.05). Применение рЭБУС-навигации при получении бронхобиоптатов позволило повысить этиологическую верификацию туберкулеза при следующих микробиологических методах: микроскопия ‒ с 14.7 до 49.4% (pχ2 &lt; 0.01), молекулярно-генетический ‒ c 41.3 до 72.3% (pχ2 &lt; 0.01), культуральный (Bactec MGIT960) ‒ с 44.0 до 67.5% (pχ2 &lt; 0.01). Наибольшее увеличение эффективной диагностики достигнуто в материале бронхоальвеолярного лаважа и бронхиального смыва ‒ с 33.3 до 71.1% (pχ2 &lt; 0.01) и в материале браш-биопсии ‒ с 25.6 до 57.6% (pχ2 &lt; 0.01).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The objective of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnosis of tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis in bronchobiopsy specimens obtained during navigation by radial endobronchial ultrasonography (rEBUS) in patients with peripheral lung lesions without bacterial excretion.Subjects and methods. A retrospective analysis of the diagnostic effectiveness of bronchoscopic examination with biopsies was carried out in 179 patients (75 men and 104 women) suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis or mycobacteriosis without bacterial excretion; peripheral lung lesions had been visualized by computed tomography (CT). The patients were divided into two groups: 93 underwent bronchoscopy with biopsies with rEBUS navigation, 86 underwent bronchoscopy with classical biopsies and preliminary CT navigation. Each patient underwent multiple biopsies, at least one fluid biopsy (bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial lavage), and one tissue biopsy (transbronchial lung biopsy or brush biopsy). Specimens collected by all types of bronchobiopsy were sent for microbiological and cytological tests, specimens of pulmonary transbronchial biopsy were additionally sent for histological examination.Results. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was verified by bronchobiopsy in 106 (67.5%) of 158 patients with tuberculosis, but statistically significantly more often in the group with rEBUS navigation versus the group without it – 81.9% (68/83) versus 50.7% (38/75), respectively (pχ2 &lt; 0.01). The diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis was verified by bronchobiopsy in 13 (61.9%) of 21 patients, in the group with rEBUS navigation – in 80.0% (8/10) patients, in the group without it – in 45.5% (5/11) (pφ &gt; 0.05). The use of rEBUS navigation while collecting bronchobiopsy specimens made it possible to increase the etiological verification of tuberculosis using the following microbiological methods: microscopy – from 14.7 to 49.4% (pχ2 &lt; 0.01), molecular genetic – from 41.3 to 72.3% ( pχ2 &lt; 0.01), culture (Bactec MGIT960) – from 44.0 to 67.5% (pχ2 &lt; 0.01) The greatest enhancement of diagnostic effectiveness was achieved in the specimens of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial lavage – from 33.3 to 71.1% (pχ2 &lt; 0.01) and in brush biopsy specimens – from 25.6 to 57.6% (pχ2 &lt; 0.01).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхоскопия</kwd><kwd>бронхобиопсии</kwd><kwd>навигация</kwd><kwd>рЭБУС</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>микобактериоз</kwd><kwd>микробиологические методы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchoscopy</kwd><kwd>bronchobiopsy</kwd><kwd>navigation</kwd><kwd>rEBUS</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>mycobacteriosis</kwd><kwd>microbiological methods</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владимирова Е. Б., Шмелев Е. И., Зайцева А. С. и др. Нетуберкулезный микобактериоз легких – возможности диагностики в практике пульмонолога // Терапевтический архив. ‒ 2019. ‒ Т. 91, № 11. ‒ С. 31-36. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2019.11.000306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladimirova E.B., Shmelev E.I., Zaytseva А.S. et al. Non-tuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis - diagnostic possibilities in the practice of a pulmonologist. Terapevticheskiy Arkhiv, 2019, vol. 91, no. 11, pp. 31-36. (In Russ.) doi:10.26442/00403660.2019.11.000306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гомболевский В. А., Чернина В. Ю., Блохин И. А., Николаев А. Е., Барчук А. А., Морозов С. П. Основные достижения низкодозной компьютерной томографии в скрининге рака легкого // Туб. и болезни легких. – 2021.– Т. 99, № 1. – С. 61-70. http://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-1-61-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gombolevskiy V.А., Chernina V.Yu., Blokhin I.А., Nikolaev А.E., Barchuk А.А., Morozov S.P. Main achievements of low-dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 2021, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 61-70. (In Russ.) http://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-1-61-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мамаев А. Н., Кудлай Д. А. Статистические методы в медицине. ‒ М.: Практическая медицина, 2021. ‒ 136 с. ISBN 978-5-98811-635-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamaev А.N., Kudlay D.А. Statisticheskiye metody v meditsine. [Statistical methods in medicine]. Moscow, Prakticheskaya Meditsina Publ., 2021, 136 p. ISBN 978-5-98811-635-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нечаева О. Б. Социально значимые инфекционные заболевания, представляющие биологическую угрозу населению России // Туб. и болезни легких. ‒ 2019. ‒ Т. 97, № 11. ‒ С. 7-18. DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2019-97-11-7-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nechaeva O.B. Socially important infectious diseases posing a biological threat to the population of Russia. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 2019, vol. 97, no. 11, pp. 7-18. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21292/2075-1230-2019-97-11-7-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова Т. Г., Андреевская С. Н., Ларионова Е. Е., Андриевская И. Ю., Устинова В. В., Черноусова Л. Н. Мониторинг видового разнообразия нетуберкулезных микобактерий в ряде областей РФ с использованием ДНК-стрипов genotype Mycobacterium CM/AS (Hain Lifescience, Германия) // Туб. и болезни легких. ‒ 2017. ‒ Т. 95, № 5. ‒ С. 54-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova T.G., Аndreevskaya S.N., Larionova E.E., Аndrievskaya I.Yu., Ustinova V.V., Chernousova L.N. Monitoring of species diversity of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria in some Russian regions using DNA-strips of GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS (HAIN LIFESCIENCE, Germany). Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 2017, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 54-59. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез у взрослых / под ред. Васильева И. А., Баласанянц Г. С., Борисов С. Е., Бурмистрова И. А., Валиев Р. Ш., Ваниев Э. В., Вахрушева Д. В., Веселова Е. И., Воронин Е. Е., Зимина В. Н., Иванова Д. А., Казимирова Н. Е., Каминский Г. Д., Корниенко С. В., Краснов В. А., Кульчавеня Е. В., Ловачева О. В., Марьяндышев А. О., Мордык А. В., Морозова Т. И. и др. Клинические рекомендации 2020, М., 121 с. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42593525.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuberkulez u vzroslykh. Klinicheskiye rekomendatsii. [Tuberculosis in adults. Guidelines]. Vasilyeva I.А., Balasanyants G.S., Borisov S.E., Burmistrova I.А., Valiev R.Sh., Vaniev E.V., Vakhrusheva D.V., Veselova E.I., Voronin E.E., Zimina V.N., Ivanova D.А., Kazimirova N.E., Kaminskiy G.D., Kornienko S.V., Krasnov V.А., Kulchavenya E.V., Lovacheva O.V., Maryandyshev А.O., Mordyk А.V., Morozova T.I. et al., eds. 2020, Moscow, 121p. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42593525.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atkins N. K., Marjara J., Kaifi J. T., Kunin J. R., Saboo S. S., Davis R. M., Bhat A. P. Role of computed tomography-guided biopsies in the era of electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy: a retrospective study of factors predicting diagnostic yield in electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy and computed tomography biopsies // J. Clin. Imaging Sci. ‒ 2020. ‒ № 10. ‒ Р. 33. doi: 10.25259/JCIS_53_2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkins N. K., Marjara J., Kaifi J. T., Kunin J. R., Saboo S. S., Davis R. M., Bhat A. P. Role of computed tomography-guided biopsies in the era of electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy: a retrospective study of factors predicting diagnostic yield in electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy and computed tomography biopsies // J. Clin. Imaging Sci. ‒ 2020. ‒ № 10. ‒ Р. 33. doi: 10.25259/JCIS_53_2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">British Thoracic Society guideline for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults. Du Rand I. A. et al. // Thorax. ‒ 2013. ‒ № 68. ‒ Р. i1-i44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">British Thoracic Society guideline for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults. Du Rand I. A. et al. // Thorax. ‒ 2013. ‒ № 68. ‒ Р. i1-i44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203618.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan A., Devanand A., Low S. Y., Koh M. S. Radial endobronchial ultrasound in diagnosing peripheral lung lesions in a high tuberculosis setting // BMC Pulm Med. ‒ 2015. ‒ № 15. ‒ Р. 90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan A., Devanand A., Low S. Y., Koh M. S. Radial endobronchial ultrasound in diagnosing peripheral lung lesions in a high tuberculosis setting // BMC Pulm Med. ‒ 2015. ‒ № 15. ‒ Р. 90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung Y. H., Lie C. H., Chao T. Y. et al. Endobronchial ultrasonography with distance for peripheral pulmonary lesions // Respir. Med. ‒ 2007. ‒ № 101. ‒ Р. 738-745. 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.08.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung Y. H., Lie C. H., Chao T. Y. et al. Endobronchial ultrasonography with distance for peripheral pulmonary lesions // Respir. Med. ‒ 2007. ‒ № 101. ‒ Р. 738-745. 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.08.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daley C. L., Jonathan M. et al. Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA clinical practice guideline: executive summary // Clin. Infect. Dis. ‒ 2020. ‒ Vol. 71, № 4. ‒ Р. e1-e36. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ ciaa241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daley C. L., Jonathan M. et al. Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA clinical practice guideline: executive summary // Clin. Infect. Dis. ‒ 2020. ‒ Vol. 71, № 4. ‒ Р. e1-e36. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ ciaa241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gu Y., Wu C., Yu F. et al. Application of endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of atypical bacteriologically-negative pulmonary tuberculosis // Ann. Transl. Med. ‒ 2019. ‒ Vol. 7, № 20. ‒ Р. 567. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.37. doi: 10.1186/s12880-015-0060-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gu Y., Wu C., Yu F. et al. Application of endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of atypical bacteriologically-negative pulmonary tuberculosis // Ann. Transl. Med. ‒ 2019. ‒ Vol. 7, № 20. ‒ Р. 567. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.37. doi: 10.1186/s12880-015-0060-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herth F. J., Ernst A., Becker H. D. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy in solitary pulmonary nodules and peripheral lesions // Eur. Respir. J. ‒ 2002. ‒ № 20. ‒ P. 972-974.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herth F. J., Ernst A., Becker H. D. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy in solitary pulmonary nodules and peripheral lesions // Eur. Respir. J. ‒ 2002. ‒ № 20. ‒ P. 972-974.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuo C. H., Lin S. M., Lee K. Y. et al. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy and brushing: a comparative evaluation for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions // Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. ‒ 2014. ‒ № 45. ‒ Р. 894-898. 10.1093/ejcts/ezt472.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuo C. H., Lin S. M., Lee K. Y. et al. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy and brushing: a comparative evaluation for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions // Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. ‒ 2014. ‒ № 45. ‒ Р. 894-898. 10.1093/ejcts/ezt472.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurimoto N., Miyazawa T., Okimasa S., Maeda A., Oiwa H., Miyazu Y. et al. Endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath increases the ability to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions endoscopically // Chest. ‒ 2004. ‒ № 126. ‒ P. 959-965. doi: 10.1378/chest.126.3.959.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurimoto N., Miyazawa T., Okimasa S., Maeda A., Oiwa H., Miyazu Y. et al. Endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath increases the ability to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions endoscopically // Chest. ‒ 2004. ‒ № 126. ‒ P. 959-965. doi: 10.1378/chest.126.3.959.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lai R. S., Lee S. S., Ting Y. M., Wang H. C., Lin C. C., Lu J. Y. Diagnostic value of transbronchial lung biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance in solitary pulmonary nodule in an endemic area of tuberculosis // Respir. Med. ‒ 1996. ‒ Vol. 90, № 3. ‒ Р. 139-143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lai R. S., Lee S. S., Ting Y. M., Wang H. C., Lin C. C., Lu J. Y. Diagnostic value of transbronchial lung biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance in solitary pulmonary nodule in an endemic area of tuberculosis // Respir. Med. ‒ 1996. ‒ Vol. 90, № 3. ‒ Р. 139-143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin S. M. et al. Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasonography for pulmonary tuberculosis // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. ‒ 2009. ‒ Vol. 138, № 1. ‒ Р. 179-184. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.04.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin S. M. et al. Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasonography for pulmonary tuberculosis // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. ‒ 2009. ‒ Vol. 138, № 1. ‒ Р. 179-184. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.04.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin S. M., Ni Y. L., Kuo C. H., Lin T. Y., Wang T. Y., Chung F. T., Kuo H. P. Endobronchial ultrasound increases the diagnostic yields of polymerase chain reaction and smear for pulmonary tuberculosis // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. ‒ 2010. ‒ Vol. 139, № 6. ‒ Р. 1554-1560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin S. M., Ni Y. L., Kuo C. H., Lin T. Y., Wang T. Y., Chung F. T., Kuo H. P. Endobronchial ultrasound increases the diagnostic yields of polymerase chain reaction and smear for pulmonary tuberculosis // J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. ‒ 2010. ‒ Vol. 139, № 6. ‒ Р. 1554-1560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minezawa Т. et al. Bronchus sign on thin-section computed tomography is a powerful predictive factor for successful transbronchial biopsy using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath for small peripheral lung lesions: a retrospective observational study // BMC Med. Imaging. ‒ 2015. ‒ № 15. ‒ Р. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12880-015-0060-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minezawa Т. et al. Bronchus sign on thin-section computed tomography is a powerful predictive factor for successful transbronchial biopsy using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath for small peripheral lung lesions: a retrospective observational study // BMC Med. Imaging. ‒ 2015. ‒ № 15. ‒ Р. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12880-015-0060-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mondoni M., Repossi A., Carlucci P., Centanni S., Sotgiu G. Bronchoscopic techniques in the management of patients with tuberculosis // Int. J. Infect. Dis. ‒ 2017. ‒ Vol. 64. ‒ Р. 27-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.08.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mondoni M., Repossi A., Carlucci P., Centanni S., Sotgiu G. Bronchoscopic techniques in the management of patients with tuberculosis // Int. J. Infect. Dis. ‒ 2017. ‒ Vol. 64. ‒ Р. 27-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.08.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moon S. M., Choe J., Jeong B. H., Um S. W., Kim H., Kwon O. J., Lee K. Diagnostic performance of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound without a guide-sheath and the feasibility of molecular analysis // Tuberc. Respir. Dis. (Seoul). ‒ 2019. ‒ Vol. 82, № 4. ‒ Р. 319-327. doi: 10.4046/trd.2018.0082.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moon S. M., Choe J., Jeong B. H., Um S. W., Kim H., Kwon O. J., Lee K. Diagnostic performance of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound without a guide-sheath and the feasibility of molecular analysis // Tuberc. Respir. Dis. (Seoul). ‒ 2019. ‒ Vol. 82, № 4. ‒ Р. 319-327. doi: 10.4046/trd.2018.0082.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeonseok C., Byung W. J., Jhingook К., Hee J. H., Nam Y. L. Characteristics and outcomes of surgically resected solitary pulmonary nodules due to nontuberculous mycobacterial infections // J. Clin. Med. ‒ 2019. ‒ Vol. 8, № 11. ‒ Р. 1898. DOI:10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.PA2925.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeonseok C., Byung W. J., Jhingook К., Hee J. H., Nam Y. L. Characteristics and outcomes of surgically resected solitary pulmonary nodules due to nontuberculous mycobacterial infections // J. Clin. Med. ‒ 2019. ‒ Vol. 8, № 11. ‒ Р. 1898. DOI:10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.PA2925.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
