tibljТуберкулез и болезни легкихTuberculosis and Lung Diseases2075-12302542-1506Медицинские знания и технологии10.21292/2075-1230-2022-100-4-52-61tiblj-1634Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПовреждение легких, ассоциированное с вейпингом и электронными сигаретамиE-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injuryhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7937-722XКарпенкоМ. А.KarpenkoM. А

Карпенко Максим Александрович, ассистент кафедры педиатрии

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

Тел.: +7 (495) 154-03-33

Maksim A. Karpenko, Assistant of Pediatric Department

6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198

Phone: +7 (495) 154-03-33

karpenko.ma@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-384XОвсянниковД. Ю.OvsyannikovD. Yu.

Овсянников Дмитрий Юрьевич, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой педиатрии

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

Тел.: +7 (495) 154-03-33

Dmitry Yu. Ovsyannikov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of Pediatric Department

6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198

Phone: +7 (495) 154-03-33

mdovsyannikov@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6564-9829ФроловП. А.FrolovP. А.

Фролов Павел Александрович, ассистент кафедры педиатрии

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

Тел.: +7 (495) 154-03-33

Pavel A. Frolov, Assistant of Pediatric Department

6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198

Phone: +7 (495) 154-03-33

9715586@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-9627НикифороваТ. И.NikiforovaT. I.

Никифорова Татьяна Ивановна, педиатр

677005, г. Якутск, ул. Курашова, д. 91/3

Тел.: 8 (411) 243-06-11

Tatiana I. Nikiforova, Pediatrician

91/3, Kurashova St., Yakutsk, 677005

Phone: +7 (411) 243-06-11

TatianaN-89@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-5721ХандыМ. В.KhandyM. V.

Ханды Мария Васильевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней

677000, г. Якутск, ул. Кулаковского, д. 42

Тел.: 8 (411) 235-20-90

Maria V. Khandy, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases Department

42, Kulakovskogo St., Yakutsk, 677000

Phone: +7 (411) 235-20-90

m_leader@rambler.ruФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияRUDN UniversityRussian FederationГБУ РС (Я) «Детская инфекционная клиническая больница»РоссияChildren Infectious Clinical HospitalRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова»РоссияM. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal UniversityRussian Federation20221405202210045261Copyright © Карпенко М.А., Овсянников Д.Ю., Фролов П.А., Никифорова Т.И., Ханды М.В., 20222022Карпенко М.А., Овсянников Д.Ю., Фролов П.А., Никифорова Т.И., Ханды М.В.Karpenko M.А., Ovsyannikov D.Y., Frolov P.А., Nikiforova T.I., Khandy M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1634

В обзоре литературы представлены данные из 57 источников литературы о повреждении легких, ассоциированном с вейпингом и электронными сигаретами (ПЛАВЭС), или EVALI (e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury), которое описано в 2019 г. Приведены сведения об эпидемиологии ПЛАВЭС, дано описание механизма повреждающего воздействия вейпинга на легкие, клинической картины, диагностики и диагностических критериев, терапии и последующего ведения пациентов с ПЛАВЭС.

This literature review presents data from 57 publications on vaping and e-cigarette-associated lung injury or EVALI (e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury) that was first reported in 2019. The article describes the epidemiology of EVALI, the mechanism of injuring effects of vaping on the lungs, clinical signs, diagnosis and diagnostic criteria, therapy and subsequent management of patients with EVALI.

повреждение легкихвейпингэлектронные сигаретыEVALIПЛАВЭСlung injuryvapingelectronic cigarettesEVALIReferencesБеляшова М. А., Овсянников Д. Ю., Зайцева А. С., Даниэл-Абу М., Елисеева Т. И. Длительная домашняя кислородотерапия у детей: кому, когда, как? // Педиатрия. – 2018. – Т. 97, № 6. – С. 133-140.Belyashova M.А., Ovsyannikov D.Yu., Zaytseva А.S., Daniel-Аbu M., Eliseeva T.I. Long term home oxygen therapy in children: to whom, when, how? Pediatriya, 2018, vol. 97, no. 6, pp. 133-140. (In Russ.)Винокуров А. С., Зюзя Ю. Р., Юдин А. Л. Эволюция изменений в легких по данным КТ при динамическом наблюдении пациентов с COVID-19 в ранние сроки // Лучевая диагностика и терапия. – 2020. – Т. 11, № 2. – С. 76-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2020-11-2-76-88.Vinokurov А.S., Zyuzya Yu.R., Yudin А.L. Evolution of follow up CT signs in patients with COVID-19 in early stage. Luchevaya Diagnostika I Terapiya, 2020, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 76-88. (In Russ.) http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-202011-2-76-88.Овсянников Д. Ю., Духанин А. С. Мукоактивная терапия у детей: взгляд педиатра и фармаколога // Вопросы практической педиатрии. – 2016. – Т. 11, № 4. – С. 24-32.Ovsyannikov D.Yu., Dukhanin А.S. Peculiarities of mucoactive therapy in pediatric practice. Voprosy Prakticheskoy Pediatrii, 2016, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 24-32. (In Russ.)Федеральный закон от 22 июля 2020 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской федерации по вопросу охраны здоровья граждан от последствий потребления никотинсодержащей продукции. http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202007310084.Federal Law as of July 22, 2020 On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Issue of Protecting Health of Citizens from Consequences of Consumption of Nicotine-Containing Products. (In Russ.) http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202007310084.Aberegg S. K., Cirulis M. M., Maddock S. D., Freeman A., Keenan L. M., Pirozzi C. S., Raman S. M., Schroeder J., Mann H., Callahan S. J. Clinical, bronchoscopic, and imaging findings of E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury among patients treated at an Academic Medical Center // JAMA Netw Open. – 2020. – Vol. 3, № 11. – Р. e2019176. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19176. PMID: 33156346; PMCID: PMC7648253.Aberegg S.K., Cirulis M.M., Maddock S.D., Freeman A., Keenan L.M., Pirozzi C.S., Raman S.M., Schroeder J., Mann H., Callahan S.J. Clinical, bronchoscopic, and imaging findings of E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury among patients treated at an Academic Medical Center. JAMA Netw Open, 2020, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. e2019176. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19176. PMID: 33156346; PMCID: PMC7648253.Allen J. G., Flanigan S. S., LeBlanc M., Vallarino J., MacNaughton P., Stewart J. H., Christiani D. C. Flavoring Chemicals in Ecigarettes: Diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, and acetoin in a sample of 51 products, including fruit-, candy-, and cocktail-flavored e-cigarettes // Environ. Health. Perspect. – 2016. – Vol. 124, № 6. – P. 733-739.Allen J.G., Flanigan S.S., LeBlanc M., Vallarino J., MacNaughton P., Stewart J.H., Christiani D.C. Flavoring Chemicals in Ecigarettes: Diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, and acetoin in a sample of 51 products, including fruit-, candy-, and cocktail-flavored e-cigarettes. Environ. Health. Perspect., 2016, vol. 124, no. 6, pp. 733-739.Beasley M. B., Franks T. J., Galvin J. R., Gochuico B., Travis D. W. Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia: a histological pattern of lung injury and possible variant of diffuse alveolar damage // Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. – 2002. – Vol. 126. – P. 1064-1070.Beasley M.B., Franks T.J., Galvin J.R., Gochuico B., Travis D.W. Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia: a histological pattern of lung injury and possible variant of diffuse alveolar damage. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 2002, vol. 126, pp. 1064-1070.Beattie J. R., Schock B. C. Identifying the spatial distribution of vitamin E, pulmonary surfactant and membrane lipids in cells and tissue by confocal Raman microscopy // Methods Mol. Biol. – 2009. – Vol. 579. – P. 513-535.Beattie J.R., Schock B.C. Identifying the spatial distribution of vitamin E, pulmonary surfactant and membrane lipids in cells and tissue by confocal Raman microscopy. Methods Mol. Biol., 2009, vol. 579, pp. 513-535.Belok S. H., Parikh R., Bernardo J., Kathuria H. E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury: a review // Pneumonia. – 2020. – 12, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41479-020-00075-2.Belok S.H., Parikh R., Bernardo J., Kathuria H. E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury: a review. Pneumonia, 2020, 12, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41479-020-00075-2.Blagev D. P., Harris D., Dunn A. C., Guidry D. W., Grissom C. K., Lanspa M. J. Clinical presentation, treatment, and short-term outcomes of lung injury associated with e-cigarettes or vaping: a prospective observational cohort study // Lancet. – 2019. – Vol. 394, № 10214. ‒ P. 2073-2083.Blagev D.P., Harris D., Dunn A.C., Guidry D.W., Grissom C.K., Lanspa M.J. Clinical presentation, treatment, and short-term outcomes of lung injury associated with e-cigarettes or vaping: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet, 2019, vol. 394, no. 10214, pp. 2073-2083.Blount B. C., Karwowski M. P., Morel-Espinosa M., Rees J., Sosnoff C., Cowan E., Gardner M., Wang L., Valentin-Blasini L., Silva L., De Jesús V. R., Kuklenyik Z., Watson C., Seyler T., Xia B., Chambers D., Briss P., King B. A., Delaney L., Jones C. M., Baldwin G. T., Barr J. R., Thomas J., Pirkle J. L. Evaluation of Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients in an outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury – 10 states, August-October 2019 // MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. – 2019. – Vol. 68, № 45. – P. 1040-1041.Blount B.C., Karwowski M.P., Morel-Espinosa M., Rees J., Sosnoff C., Cowan E., Gardner M., Wang L., Valentin-Blasini L., Silva L., De Jesús V.R., Kuklenyik Z., Watson C., Seyler T., Xia B., Chambers D., Briss P., King B.A., Delaney L., Jones C.M., Baldwin G.T., Barr J.R., Thomas J., Pirkle J.L. Evaluation of Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients in an outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury – 10 states, August-October 2019. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2019, vol. 68, no. 45, pp. 1040-1041.Butt Y. M., Smith M. L., Tazelaar H. D., Vaszar L. T., Swanson K. L., Cecchini M. J., Boland J. M., Bois M. C., Boyum J. H., Froemming A. T., Khoor A., Mira-Avendano I., Patel A., Larsen B. T. Pathology of vaping-associated lung injury // New Engl. J. Med. – 2019. – Vol. 381. – P. 1780-1781.Butt Y.M., Smith M.L., Tazelaar H.D., Vaszar L.T., Swanson K.L., Cecchini M.J., Boland J.M., Bois M.C., Boyum J.H., Froemming A.T., Khoor A., Mira-Avendano I., Patel A., Larsen B.T. Pathology of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury. New Engl. J. Med., 2019, vol. 381, pp. 1780-1781.Choe J., Chen P., Falk J.A., Nguyen L., Ng D., Parimon T., Ghandehari S. A case series of vaping-associated lung injury requiring mechanical ventilation // Crit. Care Explorations. – 2020. – Vol. 2. – P. e0079.Choe J., Chen P., Falk J.A., Nguyen L., Ng D., Parimon T., Ghandehari S. A Case series of vaping-associated lung injury requiring mechanical ventilation. Crit. Care Explorations, 2020, vol. 2, pp. e0079.Chun L. F., Moazed F., Calfee C. S., Matthay M. A., Gotts J. E. Pulmonary toxicity of e-cigarettes // Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. – 2017. – Vol. 313, № 2. – P. 193-206.Chun L.F., Moazed F., Calfee C.S., Matthay M.A., Gotts J.E. Pulmonary toxicity of e-cigarettes. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol., 2017, vol. 313, no. 2, pp. 193-206.Consumer Advocates for Smoke Free Alternatives Association. A historical timeline of electronic cigarettes. Accessed 4/7/21. http://www.casaa.org/historical-timeline-of-electronic-cigarettesConsumer Advocates for Smoke Free Alternatives Association. A Historical timeline of electronic cigarettes. Accessed 4/7/21. http://www.casaa.org/historical-timeline-of-electronic-cigarettesCullen K. A., Ambrose B. K., Gentzke A. S., Apelberg B. J., Jamal A., King B. A. Notes from the field: use of electronic cigarettes and any tobacco product among middle and high school students ‒ United States, 2011-2018 // Weekly. – 2018. – Vol. 67, № 45. – P. 1276-1277.Cullen K.A., Ambrose B.K., Gentzke A.S., Apelberg B.J., Jamal A., King B.A. Notes from the field: use of electronic cigarettes and any tobacco product among middle and high school students ‒ United States, 2011-2018. Weekly, 2018, vol. 67, no. 45, pp. 1276-1277.Giroud C., de Cesare M., Berthet A., Varlet V., Concha-Lozano N., Favrat B. Ecigarettes: a review of new trends in Cannabis use // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. – 2015. – Vol. 12, № 8. – P. 9988-10008.Giroud C., de Cesare M., Berthet A., Varlet V., Concha-Lozano N., Favrat B. Ecigarettes: a review of new trends in Cannabis use. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, 2015, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 9988-10008.Goniewicz M. L., Knysak J., Gawron M., Kosmider L., Sobczak A., Kurek J., Prokopowicz A., Jablonska-Czapla M., Rosik-Dulewska C., Havel C., Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz N. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes // Tob. Control. – 2014. – Vol. 23, № 2. – P. 133-139.Goniewicz M.L., Knysak J., Gawron M., Kosmider L., Sobczak A., Kurek J., Prokopowicz A., Jablonska-Czapla M., Rosik-Dulewska C., Havel C., Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz N. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob. Control, 2014, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 133-139.Gotts J. E., Jordt S. E., McConnell R., Tarran R. What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes? // BMJ. – 2019. – Vol. 366. – P. 1-16.Gotts J.E., Jordt S.E., McConnell R., Tarran R. What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes? BMJ, 2019, vol. 366, pp. 1-16.Grana R., Benowitz N., Glantz S. A. E-cigarettes: a scientific review // Circulation. ‒ 2014. –Vol. 129, № 19. – P. 19728-19736.Grana R., Benowitz N., Glantz S.A. E-cigarettes: a scientific review. Circulation, 2014, vol. 129, no. 19, pp. 19728-19736.Hashim M. J. Patient-centered communication: basic skills // Am. Fam. Physician. – 2017. – Vol. 95, № 1. – P. 29-34.Hashim M.J. Patient-centered communication: basic skills. Am. Fam. Physician., 2017, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 29-34.Henry T. S., Kanne J. P., Kligerman S. J. Imaging of vaping-associated lung disease // New Engl. J. Med. – 2019. – Vol. 381. – P. 1486-1487.Henry T.S., Kanne J.P., Kligerman S.J. Imaging of vaping-associated lung disease. New Engl. J. Med., 2019, vol. 381, pp. 1486-1487.Hutzler C., Paschke M., Kruschinski S., Henkler F., Hahn J., Luch A. Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes // Arch. Toxicol. – 2014. – Vol. 88, № 7. – P. 1295-1308.Hutzler C., Paschke M., Kruschinski S., Henkler F., Hahn J., Luch A. Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes. Arch. Toxicol., 2014, vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 1295-1308.ICD-10-CM Official Coding Guidelines – Supplement, Coding encounters related to E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use, Post Date: October 17, 2019. https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/document/icd-10-cm-official-coding-guidelines-supplement-coding-encounters-related-e-cigarette-or-0.ICD-10-CM Official Coding Guidelines – Supplement, Coding encounters related to E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use, Post Date: October 17, 2019. https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/document/icd-10-cm-official-coding-guidelines-supplement-coding-encounters-related-e-cigarette-or-0.ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting, FY 2021, (October 1, 2020 ‒ September 30, 2021). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/icd/10cmguidelines-FY2021.pdf.ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting, FY 2021, (October 1, 2020 ‒ September 30, 2021). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/icd/10cmguidelines-FY2021.pdf.Iskandar A. R., Zanetti F., Marescotti D., Titz B., Sewer A., Kondylis A., Leroy P., Belcastro V., Torres L. O., Acali S., Majeed S., Steiner S., Trivedi K., Guedj E., Merg C., Schneider T., Frentzel S., Martin F., Ivanov N. V., Peitsch M. C., Hoeng J. Application of a multi-layer systems toxicology framework for in vitro assessment of the biological effects of Classic Tobacco e-liquid and its corresponding aerosol using an e-cigarette device with MESH technology // Arch. Toxicol. – 2019. – Vol. 93, № 11. – P. 3229-3247.Iskandar A.R., Zanetti F., Marescotti D., Titz B., Sewer A., Kondylis A., Leroy P., Belcastro V., Torres L.O., Acali S., Majeed S., Steiner S., Trivedi K., Guedj E., Merg C., Schneider T., Frentzel S., Martin F., Ivanov N.V., Peitsch M.C., Hoeng J. Application of a multi-layer systems toxicology framework for in vitro assessment of the biological effects of Classic Tobacco e-liquid and its corresponding aerosol using an e-cigarette device with MESH technology. Arch. Toxicol., 2019, vol. 93, no. 11, pp. 3229-3247.Jain R. B. Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in blood among US cigarettes, cigars, electronic cigarettes, and dual cigarette-e-cigarette users // Environ. Pollut. – 2019. – Vol. 251. – P. 970-974.Jain R.B. Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in blood among US cigarettes, cigars, electronic cigarettes, and dual cigarette-e-cigarette users. Environ. Pollut., 2019, vol. 251, pp. 970-974.Jatlaoui T. C., Wiltz J. L., Kabbani S., Siegel D. A., Koppaka R., Montandon M., Adkins S. H., Weissman D. N., Koumans E. H., O'Hegarty M., O'Sullivan M. C., Ritchey M. D., Chatham-Stephens K., Kiernan E. A., Layer M., Reagan-Steiner S., Legha J. K., Shealy K., King B. A., Jones C. M., Baldwin G. T., Rose D. A., Delaney L. J., Briss P., Evans M. E. Update: interim guidance for health care providers for managing patients with suspected e-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury ‒ United States, November 2019 // MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. – 2019. – Vol. 68, № 46. – P. 1081-1086.Jatlaoui T.C., Wiltz J.L., Kabbani S., Siegel D.A., Koppaka R., Montandon M., Adkins S.H., Weissman D.N., Koumans E.H., O'Hegarty M., O'Sullivan M.C., Ritchey M.D., Chatham-Stephens K., Kiernan E.A., Layer M., Reagan-Steiner S., Legha J.K., Shealy K., King B.A., Jones C.M., Baldwin G.T., Rose D.A., Delaney L.J., Briss P., Evans M.E. Update: interim guidance for health care providers for managing patients with suspected e-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury ‒ United States, November 2019. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2019, vol. 68, no. 46, pp. 1081-1086.Kaur G., Lungarella G., Rahman I. SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 susceptibility and lung inflammatory storm by smoking and vaping // J. Inflamm. – 2020. – Vol. 17. – P. 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-020-00250-8.Kaur G., Lungarella G., Rahman I. SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 susceptibility and lung inflammatory storm by smoking and vaping. J. Inflamm., 2020, vol. 17, pp. 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-020-00250-8.Kim J., Doo K., Jang H. Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia: Imaging features, pathologic correlation, and brief literature review // Radiol Case Rep. – 2018. – Vol. 13, № 4. – P. 867–870. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2018.04.028.Kim J., Doo K., Jang H. Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia: Imaging features, pathologic correlation, and brief literature review. Radiol. Case Rep., 2018, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 867–870. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2018.04.028.Kligerman S. J., Kay F. U., Raptis C. A., Henry T. S., Sechrist J. W., Walker C. M., Vargas D. B., Filev P. D., Chung M. S., Digumarthy S. R., Ropp A. M., Mohammed T. L., Pope K. W., Marquis K. M., Chung J. H., Kanne J. P. CT Findings and patterns of electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), a multicenter cohort of 160 cases // Chest. – 2021. ‒ S0012-3692(21)00862-X. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.04.054. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33957099.Kligerman S.J., Kay F.U., Raptis C.A., Henry T.S., Sechrist J.W., Walker C.M., Vargas D.B., Filev P.D., Chung M.S., Digumarthy S.R., Ropp A.M., Mohammed T.L., Pope K.W., Marquis K.M., Chung J.H., Kanne J.P. CT Findings and patterns of electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), a multicenter cohort of 160 cases. Chest, 2021, S0012-3692(21)00862-X. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.04.054. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33957099.Kosmider L., Sobczak A., Fik M., Knysak J., Zaciera M., Kurek J., Goniewicz M. L. Carbonyl compounds in electronic cigarette vapors: effects of nicotine solvent and battery output voltage // Nicotine Tob. Res. – 2014. – Vol. 16, № 10. – P. 1319-1326.Kosmider L., Sobczak A., Fik M., Knysak J., Zaciera M., Kurek J., Goniewicz M.L. Carbonyl compounds in electronic cigarette vapors: effects of nicotine solvent and battery output voltage. Nicotine Tob. Res., 2014, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1319-1326.Kosmider L., Sobczak A., Prokopowicz A., Kurek J., Zaciera M., Knysak J., Smith D., Goniewicz M. L. Cherry-flavoured electronic cigarettes expose users to the inhalational irritant, benzaldehyde // Thorax. – 2016. – Vol. 71, № 4. – P. 376-377.Kosmider L., Sobczak A., Prokopowicz A., Kurek J., Zaciera M., Knysak J., Smith D., Goniewicz M.L. Cherry-flavoured electronic cigarettes expose users to the inhalational irritant, benzaldehyde. Thorax, 2016, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 376-377.Layden J. E., Ghinai I., Pray I., Kimball A., Layer M., Tenforde M. W., Navon L., Hoots B., Salvatore P. P., Elderbrook M., Haupt T., Kanne J., Patel M. T., Saathoff-Huber L., King B. A., Schier J. G., Mikosz C. A., Meiman J. Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in illinois and wisconsin ‒ final report // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2020. – Vol. 382, № 10. – P. 903-916. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911614. Epub 2019 Sep 6. PMID: 31491072.Layden J.E., Ghinai I., Pray I., Kimball A., Layer M., Tenforde M.W., Navon L., Hoots B., Salvatore P.P., Elderbrook M., Haupt T., Kanne J., Patel M.T., Saathoff-Huber L., King B.A., Schier J.G., Mikosz C.A., Meiman J. Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in illinois and wisconsin ‒ final report. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, vol. 382, no. 10, pp. 903-916. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911614. Epub 2019 Sep 6. PMID: 31491072.Maddock S. D., Cirulis M. M., Callahan S. J., Keenan L. M., Pirozzi C. S., Raman S. M., Aberegg S. K. Pulmonary Lipid-Laden Macrophages and Vaping // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2019. – Vol. 381, № 15. – P. 1488. Epub 2019 Sep 6. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1912038.Maddock S.D., Cirulis M.M., Callahan S.J., Keenan L.M., Pirozzi C.S., Raman S.M., Aberegg S.K. Pulmonary Lipid-Laden Macrophages and Vaping. N. Engl. J. Med., 2019, vol. 381, no. 15, pp. 1488. Epub 2019 Sep 6. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1912038.Madison M. C., Landers C. T., Gu B. H., Chang C. Y., Tung H. Y., You R., Hong M. J., Baghaei N., Song L. Z., Porter P., Putluri N., Salas R., Gilbert B. E., Levental I., Campen M. J., Corry D. B., Kheradmand F. Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine // J. Clin. Invest. – 2019. – Vol. 129, № 10. – P. 4290-4304.Madison M.C., Landers C.T., Gu B.H., Chang C.Y., Tung H.Y., You R., Hong M.J., Baghaei N., Song L.Z., Porter P., Putluri N., Salas R., Gilbert B.E., Levental I., Campen M.J., Corry D.B., Kheradmand F. Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine. J. Clin. Invest., 2019, vol. 129, no. 10, pp. 4290-4304.Madsen R. L., Vinther Krarup N. H., Bergmann T. K., Bærentzen S., Neghabat S., Duval L., Knudsen S. T. A Cancer that went up in smoke // CHEST. – 2016. – Vol. 149, № 3. – P. e65-e67.Madsen R.L., Vinther Krarup N.H., Bergmann T.K., Bærentzen S., Neghabat S., Duval L., Knudsen S.T. A Cancer that went up in smoke. Chest, 2016, vol. 149, no. 3, pp. e65-e67.McCauley M., Markin C., Hosmer D. An unexpected consequence of electronic cigarette use // CHEST. – 2012. – Vol. 141, № 4. – P. 1110-1113.McCauley M., Markin C., Hosmer D. An unexpected consequence of electronic cigarette use. Chest, 2012, vol. 141, no. 4, pp. 1110-1113.Mikosz C. A., Danielson M., Anderson K. N., Pollack L. A., Currie D. W., Njai R., Evans M. E., Goodman A. B., Twentyman E., Wiltz J. L., Rose D. A., Krishnasamy V., King B. A., Jones C. M., Briss P., Lozier M., Ellington S. Characteristics of patients experiencing Rehospitalization or death after hospital discharge in a Nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury ‒ United States, 2019 // MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. – 2020. – Vol. 68, № 5152. – P. 1183-1188.Mikosz C.A., Danielson M., Anderson K.N., Pollack L.A., Currie D.W., Njai R., Evans M.E., Goodman A.B., Twentyman E., Wiltz J.L., Rose D.A., Krishnasamy V., King B.A., Jones C.M., Briss P., Lozier M., Ellington S. Characteristics of patients experiencing Rehospitalization or death after hospital discharge in a Nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury ‒ United States, 2019. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2020, vol. 68, no. 5152, pp. 1183-1188.Olmedo P., Goessler W., Tanda S., Grau-Perez M., Jarmul S., Aherrera A., Chen R., Hilpert M., Cohen J. E., Navas-Acien A., Rule A. M. Metal concentrations in e-cigarette liquid and aerosol samples: thecontribution of metallic coils // Environ Health Perspect. – 2018. – Vol. 126, № 2. ‒ P. 27010.Olmedo P., Goessler W., Tanda S., Grau-Perez M., Jarmul S., Aherrera A., Chen R., Hilpert M., Cohen J.E., Navas-Acien A., Rule A.M. Metal concentrations in e-cigarette liquid and aerosol samples: thecontribution of metallic coils. Environ. Health Perspect, 2018, vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 27010.Orellana-Barrios M. A., Payne D., Mulkey Z., Nugent K. Electronic cigarettes ‒ a narrative review for clinicians // Am. J. Med. – 2015. – Vol. 128, № 7. – P. 674-681.Orellana-Barrios M.A., Payne D., Mulkey Z., Nugent K. Electronic cigarettes ‒ a narrative review for clinicians. Am. J. Med., 2015, vol. 128, no. 7, pp. 674-681.Outbreak of lung injury associated with the use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products. [Internet]. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). 2020 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html#latest-information.Outbreak of lung injury associated with the use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products. [Internet]. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). 2020 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html#latest-information.Park H. R., O'Sullivan M., Vallarino J., Shumyatcher M., Himes B. E., Park J. A., Christiani D. C., Allen J., Lu Q. Transcriptomic response of primary human airway epithelial cells to flavoring chemicals in electronic cigarettes // Sci. Rep. – 2019. – Vol. 9. – P. 1400.Park H.R., O'Sullivan M., Vallarino J., Shumyatcher M., Himes B.E., Park J.A., Christiani D.C., Allen J., Lu Q. Transcriptomic response of primary human airway epithelial cells to flavoring chemicals in electronic cigarettes. Sci. Rep., 2019, vol. 9, pp. 1400.Perrine C. G., Pickens C. M., Boehmer T. K., King B. A., Jones C. M., DeSisto C. L., Duca L. M., Lekiachvili A., Kenemer B., Shamout M., Landen M. G., Lynfield R., Ghinai I., Heinzerling A., Lewis N., Pray I. W., Tanz L. J., Patel A., Briss P. A. Characteristics of a multistate outbreak of lung injury associated with Ecigarette use, or Vaping ‒ United States, 2019 // MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. – 2019. – Vol. 68, № 39. – P. 860-864.Perrine C.G., Pickens C.M., Boehmer T.K., King B.A., Jones C.M., DeSisto C.L., Duca L.M., Lekiachvili A., Kenemer B., Shamout M., Landen M.G., Lynfield R., Ghinai I., Heinzerling A., Lewis N., Pray I.W., Tanz L.J., Patel A., Briss P.A. Characteristics of a multistate outbreak of lung injury associated with Ecigarette use, or Vaping ‒ United States, 2019. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2019, vol. 68, no. 39, pp. 860-864.Pertwee R. G. The pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: An overview: [англ.] // Intern. J. Obesity. ‒ 2006. ‒ Vol. 30. ‒ P. 13-18. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803272. ‒ PMID 16570099.Pertwee R.G. The pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: An overview: [англ.]. Intern. J. Obesity, 2006, vol. 30, pp. 13-18. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803272. PMID 16570099.Schier J. G., Meiman J. G., Layden J., Mikosz C. A., VanFrank B., King B. A., Salvatore P. P., Weissman D. N., Thomas J., Melstrom P. C., Baldwin G. T., Parker E. M., Courtney-Long E. A., Krishnasamy V. P., Pickens C. M., Evans M. E., Tsay S. V., Powell K. M., Kiernan E. A., Marynak K. L., Adjemian J., Holton K., Armour B. S., England L. J., Briss P. A., Houry D., Hacker K. A., Reagan-Steiner S., Zaki S., Meaney-Delman D. CDC 2019 Lung Injury Response Group. Severe pulmonary disease associated with electronic-cigarette-product use ‒ interim guidance // MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. – 2019. – Vol. 68, № 36. – P. 787-790. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6836e2. Erratum in: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Sep 27;68(38):830. PMID: 31513561; PMCID: PMC6755818.Schier J.G., Meiman J.G., Layden J., Mikosz C.A., VanFrank B., King B.A., Salvatore P.P., Weissman D.N., Thomas J., Melstrom P.C., Baldwin G.T., Parker E.M., Courtney-Long E.A., Krishnasamy V.P., Pickens C.M., Evans M.E., Tsay S.V., Powell K.M., Kiernan E.A., Marynak K.L., Adjemian J., Holton K., Armour B.S., England L.J., Briss P.A., Houry D., Hacker K.A., Reagan-Steiner S., Zaki S., Meaney-Delman D. CDC 2019 Lung Injury Response Group. Severe pulmonary disease associated with electronic-cigarette-product use ‒ interim guidance. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 2019, vol. 68, no. 36, pp. 787-790. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6836e2. Erratum in: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 2019 Sep 27;68(38):830. PMID: 31513561; PMCID: PMC6755818.Scott A., Lugg S. T., Aldridge K., Lewis K. E., Bowden A., Mahida R. Y., Grudzinska F. S., Dosanjh D., Parekh D., Foronjy R., Sapey E., Naidu B., Thickett D. R. Proinflammatory effects of e-cigarette vapour condensate on human alveolar macrophages // Thorax. – 2018. – Vol. 73, № 12. – P. 1161-1169.Scott A., Lugg S.T., Aldridge K., Lewis K.E., Bowden A., Mahida R.Y., Grudzinska F.S., Dosanjh D., Parekh D., Foronjy R., Sapey E., Naidu B., Thickett D.R. Proinflammatory effects of e-cigarette vapour condensate on human alveolar macrophages. Thorax, 2018, vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 1161-1169.Siegel D. A., Jatlaoui T. C., Koumans E. H., Kiernan E. A., Layer M., Cates J. E., Kimball A., Weissman D. N., Petersen E. E., Reagan-Steiner S., Godfred-Cato S., Moulia D., Moritz E., Lehnert J. D., Mitchko J., London J., Zaki S. R., King B. A., Jones C. M., Patel A., Delman D. M., Koppaka R. Update: interim guidance for health care providers evaluating and caring for patients with suspected e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury ‒ United States, October 2019 // MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. – 2019. – Vol. 68. – P. 919– 927.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6841e3externalicon.Siegel D.A., Jatlaoui T.C., Koumans E.H., Kiernan E.A., Layer M., Cates J.E., Kimball A., Weissman D.N., Petersen E.E., Reagan-Steiner S., Godfred-Cato S., Moulia D., Moritz E., Lehnert J.D., Mitchko J., London J., Zaki S.R., King B.A., Jones C.M., Patel A., Delman D.M., Koppaka R. Update: interim guidance for health care providers evaluating and caring for patients with suspected e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury ‒ United States, October 2019. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2019, vol. 68, pp. 919–927. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6841e3externalicon.Taylor J., Wiens T., Peterson J., Saravia S., Lunda M., Hanson K., Wogen M., D'Heilly P., Margetta J., Bye M., Cole C., Mumm E., Schwerzler L., Makhtal R., Danila R., Lynfield R., Holzbauer S. Characteristics of e-cigarette, or Vaping, products used by patients with associated lung injury and products seized by law enforcement ‒ Minnesota, 2018 and 2019 // MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. – 2019. – Vol. 68, № 47. – P. 1096-1100.Taylor J., Wiens T., Peterson J., Saravia S., Lunda M., Hanson K., Wogen M., D'Heilly P., Margetta J., Bye M., Cole C., Mumm E., Schwerzler L., Makhtal R., Danila R., Lynfield R., Holzbauer S. Characteristics of e-cigarette, or Vaping, products used by patients with associated lung injury and products seized by law enforcement ‒ Minnesota, 2018 and 2019. MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly Rep., 2019, vol. 68, no. 47, pp. 1096-1100.Vardavas C. I., Anagnostopoulos N., Kougias M., Evangelopoulou V., Connolly G. N., Behrakis P. K. Short-term pulmonary effects of using an electronic cigarette: impact on respiratory flow resistance, impendence, and exhaled nitric oxide // CHEST. – 2012. – Vol. 141, № 6. – P. 1400-1406.Vardavas C.I., Anagnostopoulos N., Kougias M., Evangelopoulou V., Connolly G.N., Behrakis P.K. Short-term pulmonary effects of using an electronic cigarette: impact on respiratory flow resistance, impendence, and exhaled nitric oxide. CHEST, 2012, vol. 141, no. 6, pp. 1400-1406.Wang M. P., Ho S. Y., Leung L. T., Lam T. H. Electronic cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong // JAMA Pediatrics. – 2016. – Vol. 170, № 1. – P. 89-91.Wang M.P., Ho S.Y., Leung L.T., Lam T.H. Electronic cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. JAMA Pediatrics, 2016, vol. 170, no. 1, pp. 89-91.Werner A. K., Koumans E. H., Chatham-Stephens K., Salvatore P. P., Armatas C., Byers P., Clark C. R., Ghinai I., Holzbauer S. M., Navarette K. A., Danielson M. L., Ellington S., Moritz E. D., Petersen E. E., Kiernan E. A., Baldwin G. T., Briss P., Jones C. M., King B. A., Krishnasamy V., Rose D. A., Reagan-Steiner S. Lung Injury Response Mortality Working Group. Hospitalizations and deaths associated with EVALI // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2020. – Vol. 382, № 17. – P. 1589-1598. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915314. PMID: 32320569.Werner A.K., Koumans E.H., Chatham-Stephens K., Salvatore P.P., Armatas C., Byers P., Clark C.R., Ghinai I., Holzbauer S.M., Navarette K.A., Danielson M.L., Ellington S., Moritz E.D., Petersen E.E., Kiernan E.A., Baldwin G.T., Briss P., Jones C.M., King B.A., Krishnasamy V., Rose D.A., Reagan-Steiner S. Lung Injury Response Mortality Working Group. Hospitalizations and deaths associated with EVALI. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, vol. 382, no. 17, pp. 1589-1598. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915314. PMID: 32320569.Williams M., Li J., Talbot P. Effects of model, method of collection, and topography on chemical elements and metals in the aerosol of tankstyle electronic cigarettes // Sci. Rep. – 2019. – Vol. 9. – P. 13969.Williams M., Li J., Talbot P. Effects of model, method of collection, and topography on chemical elements and metals in the aerosol of tankstyle electronic cigarettes. Sci. Rep., 2019, vol. 9, pp. 13969.Winnicka L., Shenoy M. A. EVALI and the pulmonary toxicity of electronic cigarettes: a review // J. Gen. Intern. Med. – 2020. – Vol. 35, № 7. – P. 2130-2135. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05813-2.Winnicka L., Shenoy M.A. EVALI and the pulmonary toxicity of electronic cigarettes: a review. J. Gen. Intern. Med., 2020, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 2130-2135. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05813-2.Wu D., O’Shea D. F. Potential for release of pulmonary toxic ketene from vaping pyrolysis of vitamin E acetate // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. – 2020. – Vol. 117, № 12. – P. 6349-6355.Wu D., O’Shea D.F. Potential for release of pulmonary toxic ketene from vaping pyrolysis of vitamin E acetate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2020, vol. 117, no. 12, pp. 6349-6355.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.