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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tiblj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез и болезни легких</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-1230</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Медицинские знания и технологии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58838/2075-1230-2024-102-6-20-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tiblj-1847</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности проявлений туберкулезной инфекции в разных возрастных группах у детей и подростков по результатам скрининга на основе применения 2 внутрикожных тестов (с туберкулином и аллергеном туберкулезным рекомбинантным (CFP10-ESAT6)) в Москве в 2023 году</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Specific Manifestations of Tuberculosis Infection in Different Age Groups in Children and Adolescents according to Results of Screening with 2 Intradermal Tests (with Tuberculin and Tuberculous Recombinant Allergen (CFP10-ESAT6)) in Moscow in 2023</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-2385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слогоцкая</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slogotskaya</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Слогоцкая Людмила Владимировна - д. м. н., заведующая научно-клиническим отделом, профессор кафедры фтизиатрии ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» МЗ РФ</p><p>107014, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 10</p><p>Тел.: + 7 (499) 268-00-05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila V. Slogotskaya - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of Research Clinical Department, Professor of Phthisiology Department, Russian Medical Academy of On-going Professional Education, Russian Ministry of Health</p><p>10 Stromynka St., Moscow, 107014</p><p>Phone: + 7 (499) 268-00-05</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyu186@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-5022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богородская</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogorodskaya</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богородская Елена Михайловна - д. м. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой фтизиатрии</p><p>125993, г. Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p><p>Тел.: + 7 (495) 680-05-99</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>lena M. Bogorodskaya - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Phthisiology Department</p><p>2/1 Build. 1. Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p><p>Phone: + 7 (495) 680-05-99</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">el_bogorodskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4808-0658</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамуратова</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamuratova</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шамуратова Луиза Фазыловна - к. м. н. заведующая отделением фтизио-педиатрической помощи организационно-методического отдела</p><p>107014, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 10</p><p>Тел.: + 7 (499) 268-00-05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Luiza F. Shamuratova - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of Pediatric Phthisiologic Care Unit of Statistic and Reporting Department</p><p>10 Stromynka St., Moscow, 107014</p><p>Phone: + 7 (499) 268-00-05</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.shamuratova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-4934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севостьянова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevostyanova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Севостьянова Татьяна Александровна - д. м. н., заведующая детским консультационно-диагностическим отделением, профессор кафедры фтизиатрии ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» МЗ РФ</p><p>107014, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 10</p><p>Тел.: + 7 (499) 268-00-05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Sevostyanova - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of Children Consulting and Diagnostics Department, Professor of Phthisiology Department, Russian Medical Academy of On-going Professional Education, Russian Ministry of Health</p><p>10 Stromynka St., Moscow, 107014</p><p>Phone: + 7 (499) 268-00-05</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sewata@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlay</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудлай Дмитрий Анатольевич -член-корреспондент РАН, д.м.н., профессор кафедры фармакологии Института фармации, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины и молекулярной иммунологии № 71 ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России; профессор кафедры фармакогнозии и промышленной фармации факультета фундаментальной медицины ФГБОУ ВО МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p><p>Тел. +7 (499) 248-05-53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kudlay - Correspondent Member of RAS, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy Institute, Leading Researcher of Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology no. 71, Immunology Research Institute by Russian Federal Medical Biological Agency; Professor of Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p><p>8 Bd. 2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p><p>Phone: +7 (499) 248-05-53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">D624254@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1071-2680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николенко</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolenko</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николенко Николай Юрьевич - канд. фарм. наук, научный сотрудник научно-клинического отдела</p><p>107014, Москва, ул. Стромынка, д. 10</p><p>Тел.: + 7 (499) 268-00-05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay Yu. Nikolenko - Candidate of Pharmacological Sciences, Researcher of Scientific Clinical Department</p><p> </p><p>10 Stromynka St., Moscow, 107014</p><p>Phone: + 7 (499) 268-00-05</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nynikolenko@me.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health; Russian Medical Academy of On-going Professional Education, Russian Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of On-going Professional Education, Russian Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова МЗ РФ (Сеченовский Университет); ФГБОУ ВПО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»; ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russian Ministry of Health; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Immunology Research Institute by Russian Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Слогоцкая Л.В., Богородская Е.М., Шамуратова Л.Ф., Севостьянова Т.А., Кудлай Д.А., Николенко Н.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Слогоцкая Л.В., Богородская Е.М., Шамуратова Л.Ф., Севостьянова Т.А., Кудлай Д.А., Николенко Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Slogotskaya L.V., Bogorodskaya E.M., Shamuratova L.F., Sevostyanova T.A., Kudlay D.A., Nikolenko N.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1847">https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1847</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценка эффективности массового cкрининга на туберкулезную инфекцию детей и подростков в г. Москве, определение инфицированности и заболеваемости в разных возрастных группах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Скрининг проводился в 2023 г. Применяли два разных варианта обследования в соответствии с возрастом: всем детям в возрасте от 0 до 7 лет проба Манту с 2 ТЕ ППД-Л, а при нарастании реакции по сравнению с предыдущим годом – проба с аллергеном туберкулезным рекомбинантным (с препаратом Диаскинтест или АТР); а детям и подросткам 8-17 лет – только проба с АТР. Пробой Манту были обследованы 729972 ребенка в возрасте 0-7 лет. Положительные реакции пробы отмечены у 488706 (66,9%) из них, что объясняется высоким процентом поствакцинальной аллергии в этом возрасте. При подозрении на наличие туберкулезной инфекции проводилась проба с АТР – у 21552 чел. (4,4% от всех туберкулин-положительных лиц). При этом положительные реакции отмечены у 201 человека (0,9%). Среди них выявляемость туберкулеза составила 7,5% (15 больных), посттуберкулезных изменений (процессов в фазе кальцинации) – 8,5% (17 человек), с возрастом доля положительных реакций на пробу с АТР нарастала. Детям 8-17 лет скрининг проводился только с помощью пробы с АТР. Было обследовано 1170461 человек – положительные реакции отмечены у 0,2%. Выявляемость туберкулеза среди них составила 1,6% (30 чел.), а процессов в фазе кальцинации, свидетельствующих о спонтанном излечении – 3,7%. Отмечается увеличение доли положительных реакций с увеличением возраста детей, что соответствует увеличению заболеваемости легочным туберкулезом в этих возрастах. Анализ заболеваемости различными формами туберкулеза в Москве показал следующее. В возрасте до 7 лет преобладает туберкулез лимфатической системы, и это период с наибольшей заболеваемостью, затем в период до пубертатного возраста наступает период самой низкой заболеваемости, после чего начинают преобладать легочные формы туберкулеза, и в подростковом возрасте наступает подъем заболеваемости до максимальных цифр. Проведение вакцинации БЦЖ в период новорожденности привело к тому, что практически исчезла смертность от туберкулеза, такие формы, как милиарный туберкулез, менингит, но вакцинация и ревакцинация БЦЖ не смогли предотвратить легочные формы туберкулеза в подростковом возрасте. Приведены повозрастные показатели смертности в Москве в доантибактериальную эру, когда не проводилась вакцинация БЦЖ, и преобладающие формы туберкулеза в разных возрастах были причиной смерти.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Очевидно, что одноэтапный способ скрининга (пробой с АТР), который проводится детям 8-17 лет, более удобен как для медицинских работников, так и для пациентов, и экономически более выгоден. Однако перейти к нему при обследовании детей в возрастной группе до 7 лет в настоящее время нельзя, поскольку отбор на ревакцинацию БЦЖ осуществляется при наличии отрицательной реакции на пробу Манту.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The objective</title><p>The objective: to assess eﬀectiveness of mass screening for tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents in Moscow, determine infection rate and incidence in diﬀerent age groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and Methods</title><p>Subjects and Methods. Screening was performed in 2023. Two diﬀerent screening methods were used in diﬀerent ages: all children aged 0 to 7 years were given Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L, and if the reaction increased versus the previous year, a test with tuberculous recombinant allergen (Diaskintest or TRA) was performed additionally. Children and adolescents aged 8-17 years were given the TRA test only. Mantoux test was used in 729,972 children from 0 to 7 years old. Positive responses were observed in 488,706 (66.9%) of them, which was due to the high rate of post-vaccination allergies at that age. When tuberculosis infection was suspected, the TRA test was performed in 21,552 people. (4.4% of all tuberculin-positive individuals). At the same time, positive reactions were noted in 201 people (0.9%). Among them, tuberculosis was detected in 7.5% (15 patients), post-tuberculosis changes (the calciﬁcation phase of the disease) were detected in 8.5% (17 people), while the proportion of positive reactions to the TRA test increased. Children of 8-17 years old were screened with the TRA test only. 1,170,461 people were examined, positive reactions were noted in 0.2%. The detection rate of tuberculosis among them was 1.6% (30 people), and the rate of the calciﬁcation phase of the disease indicating spontaneous recovery was 3.7%. The proportion of positive reactions is growing as the age of children increases, which corresponds to the higher incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at these ages. The analysis of the incidence of various forms of tuberculosis in Moscow revealed the following. At the age of up to 7 years, tuberculosis of the lymphatic system predominates and this is the period with the highest incidence of this form. Then in the period before puberty, the lowest incidence is observed. After that, pulmonary forms of tuberculosis begin to predominate, and in adolescence, the incidence rises to maximum rates. BCG vaccination in the neonatal period resulted in the near disappearance of tuberculosis mortality, and such forms as miliary tuberculosis and meningitis. However, BCG vaccination and revaccination could not prevent pulmonary forms of tuberculosis in adolescence. The article presents age-speciﬁc mortality rates in Moscow in the pre-antibacterial era, when BCG vaccination was not available and the predominant forms of tuberculosis at diﬀerent ages were the cause of death.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Obviously, a one-stage screening (TRA test) performed in children of 8-17 years old, is more convenient for both medical workers and patients, and it is more cost eﬀective. However, it is currently impossible to switch to this test when examining children under 7 years, since children receive BCG revaccination if the response to Mantoux test is negative.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>Диаскинтест</kwd><kwd>CFP10-ESAT6</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>возрастные особенности</kwd><kwd>формы туберкулеза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>Diaskintest</kwd><kwd>CFP10-ESAT6</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>age characteristics</kwd><kwd>forms of tuberculosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богородская Е.М., Кудлай Д.А., Слогоцкая Л.В. 100 лет вакцинации против туберкулеза – уроки и перспективы // Туберкулез и болезни легких. – 2024. – Т. 102, № 2. – С. 6-19. https://doi.org/10.58838/2075-1230-2024-102-2-6-19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogorodskaya E.M., Kudlay D.A., Slogotskaya L.V. 100 years of vaccination against tuberculosis - lessons learnt and prospects. 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