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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tiblj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез и болезни легких</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-1230</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Медицинские знания и технологии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58838/2075-1230-2025-1031-45-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tiblj-1865</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мониторинг мутаций, ассоциированных с устойчивостью Mycobacterium tuberculosis к противотуберкулезным препаратам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monitoring of Mutations Associated with Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеев</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseev</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Елисеев Платон Иванович - К. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии, вирусологии  и молекулярно-биологических методов исследования, доцент кафедры фтизиопульмонологии </title><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, д. 4, к. 2 Тел.+7 (495) 631-15-15</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Platon I. Eliseev - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher of Scientific Laboratory of Microbiology, Virology and Molecular Biological Research Methods, Associate Professor of Phthisiopulmonology Department</title><p>4 Build. 2 Dostoevsky St., Moscow, 127473 Phone: +7 (495) 631-15-15</p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pediatrics@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байракова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayrakova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Байракова Александра Львовна - К. м. н., научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии, вирусологии и молекулярно-биологических методов исследования</title><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, д. 4, к. 2 Тел.+7 (495) 631-15-15</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aleksandra L. Bayrakova - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Researcher of Scientific Laboratory of Microbiology, Virology and Molecular Biological Research Methods </title><p>4 Build. 2 Dostoevsky St., Moscow, 127473 Phone: +7 (495) 631-15-15</p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexandrabl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ганджалян</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gandzhalyan</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Ганджалян Татьяна Андреевна - Ассистент кафедры фтизиопульмонологии </title><p>163069, г. Архангельск, проспект Троицкий, д. 51 Тел.: + 7 (8182) 66-05-64</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Tatiana A. Gandzhalyan - Assistant of Phthisiopulmonology Department  </title><p>51 Troitsky Ave., Arkhangelsk, 163069 Phone: + 7 (8182) 66-05-64</p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.deryagina2018@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зорина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Зорина Виктория Викторовна - Ассистент кафедры фтизиопульмонологии  </title><p>163069, г. Архангельск, проспект Троицкий, д. 51 Тел.: + 7 (8182) 66-05-64</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Viktoria V. Zorina - Assistant of Phthisiopulmonology Department  </title><p>51 Troitsky Ave., Arkhangelsk, 163069 Phone: + 7 (8182) 66-05-64</p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vikakuklina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баланцев</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balantsev</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Баланцев Григорий Андреевич - К. т. н., специалист</title><p>163002, г. Архангельск, пр. Новгородский, д. 28</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Grigory A. Balantsev - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Specialist</title><p>28 Novgorodsky Ave., Arkhangelsk, 163002</p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">limenda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марьяндышев</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maryandyshev</surname><given-names>А. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Марьяндышев Андрей Олегович - Член-корренспондент РАН, д. м. н., профессор,  заведующий кафедрой фтизиопульмонологии, ведущий научный сотрудник департамента научных исследований</title><p>163069, г. Архангельск, проспект Троицкий, д. 51 Тел.: + 7 (8182) 66-05-64</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Andrey O. Maryandyshev - Correspondent Member of RAS,  Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Phthisiopulmonology Department, Leading Researcher of Research Department</title><p>51 Troitsky Ave., Arkhangelsk, 163069 Phone: + 7 (8182) 66-05-64</p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maryandyshev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» МЗ РФ; ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center  of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Russian Ministry of Health; Northern State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center  of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Russian Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ АО «Архангельский областной клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Arkhangelsk Regional Clinical TB Dispensary</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ; ФГАОУ ВО «Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern State Medical University; Northern (Arctic) Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Елисеев П.И., Байракова А.Л., Ганджалян Т.А., Зорина В.В., Баланцев Г.А., Марьяндышев А.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Елисеев П.И., Байракова А.Л., Ганджалян Т.А., Зорина В.В., Баланцев Г.А., Марьяндышев А.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eliseev P.I., Bayrakova A.L., Gandzhalyan T.A., Zorina V.V., Balantsev G.A., Maryandyshev А.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1865">https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1865</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: определить виды и распространенность мутаций ДНК МБТ, ассоциированных с лекарственной устойчивостью к рифампицину, изониазиду, этамбутолу, фторхинолонам и инъекционным препаратам у больных МЛУ ТБ в Архангельской области.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В Архангельской области всем больным для тестирования лекарственной чувствительности выполнялись МГМ и фенотипические методы. В 2010–2017 гг. в Архангельской области было зарегистрировано 1064 случая первого эпизода МЛУ ТБ. Всего за указанный период было зарегистрировано 1340 случаев МЛУ ТБ, в том числе 276 случаев с повторным эпизодом МЛУ. Мутации, ассоциированные с устойчивостью к рифампицину (ген rpoB) и изониазиду (гены inhA, katG), выявляли методом Genоtype MTBDRplus (Hain Lifescince); мутации, ассоциированные с устойчивостью к фторхинолонам (ген gyrA), инъекционным препаратам (ген rrs) и этамбутолу (ген embB), выявляли методом GеnоТуре MTBDRsl (Hain Lifescince) в соответствии с рекомендациями производителя.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. За 2010–2017 гг. среди 1064 пациентов с впервые выявленным МЛУ ТБ мутации МБТ, ассоциированные с устойчивостью к рифампицину и изониазиду одновременно, были обнаружены в 922/1064 (87%) случаях, дополнительно у 2/1064 человек были обнаружены мутации только к изониазиду. Метод GеnоТуре MTBDRsl был выполнен у 1196/1340 (89%) пациентов с МЛУ ТБ. Преобладающей мутацией в гене rpoB была мутация S531L (86,6%), второй и третьей по частоте были мутации D516V (5,3%) и L511P (2,6 %) соответственно. Реже остальных встречались мутации в кодоне 526. Во всех случаях МЛУ ТБ были обнаружены мутации в гене katG, которые в 85 (9,2%) случаях сочетались с мутациями в гене inhA. Только в двух случаях присутствовали изолированные мутации в гене inhA. Преобладающей мутацией среди изолятов МБТ, ассоциированной с устойчивостью к изониазиду, была в гене katG S315T1 (98,8%), в гене inhA – C15T. В нашем исследовании мутации в гене gyrA присутствовали в 13,6% (163/1196; ДИ 95% 11,7–15,7%) случаев, в гене embB – в 49,7% (594/1196; ДИ 95% 46,8–52,5%), в гене rrs – в 7,1% (85/1196; ДИ 95% 5,7–8,7%). Среди всех исследованных изолятов с устойчивостью к фторхинолонам наиболее часто в гене gyrA встречалась мутация D94G (79/163; 48,5%), включая случаи без выпадения «дикого типа». В 19% случаев присутствовала мутация A90V. Мутация S91P выявлена у 11,7% изолятов. Мутации D94N и D94A встречались в 9,2% и 7,4% случаях соответственно. В 3 случаях одновременно присутствовали две мутации. У всех изолятов в нашем исследовании в гене rrs были обнаружены мутации, ассоциированные с высоким уровнем устойчивости к инъекционным препаратам (A1401G и G1484T). В гене rrs чаще других встречалась мутация rrs A1401G (81/85; 95,3%), включая случаи одновременного выявления «мутантных проб» и проб «дикого типа». В 4,7% случаях обнаруживалась мутация G1484T.</p><p>В Архангельской области в 81,5% (95% ДИ 78,1–84,5%) случаев мутаций в гене embB были мутации M306V, в 18,5% (95% ДИ 15,5–21,9%) – M306I. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The objective</title><p>The objective: to determine the types and prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA mutations associated with resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones and injectable drugs in MDR TB patients in Arkhangelsk Oblast.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and Methods</title><p>Subjects and Methods. In Arkhangelsk Oblast, all patients underwent examination by molecular genetic testing and phenotypic methods for drug susceptibility. In 2010-2017 in Arkhangelsk Oblast, 1064 new MDR TB cases were registered. A total of 1340 cases of MDR TB were registered during this period, including 276 cases with recurrent MDR. Mutations associated with resistance to rifampicin (rpoB gene) and isoniazid (inhA, katG genes) were identified by Genоtype MTBDRplus (Hain Lifescince); mutations associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones (gyrA gene), injectable drugs (rrs gene) and ethambutol (emB gene) were identified using GenoType MTBDRsl (Hain Lifescince) in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In 2010–2017 among 1064 new MDR TB cases, Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations associated with simultaneous resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid were detected in 922/1064 (87%) cases; mutations associated with monoresistance to isoniazid were found in 2/1064 people. 1196/1340 (89%) MDR TB cases underwent examination with GenoTуре MTBDRsl. The predominant mutation in the rpoB gene was the S531L mutation (86.6%), the second and third most frequent mutations were D516V (5.3%) and L511P (2.6%), respectively. Mutations in codon 526 were less frequent than the others. In all MDR TB cases, mutations in the katG gene were detected, which were combined with mutations in the inhA gene in 85 (9.2%) cases. Only two cases had isolated mutations in the inhA gene. The predominant mutation among M. tuberculosis isolates associated with resistance to isoniazid was S315T1 (98.8%) in the katG gene, and C15T in the inhA gene. According to the results of our study, mutations in the gyrA gene were present in 13.6% (163/1196; 95% CI 11.7–15.7%) of cases, in the embB gene – in 49.7% (594/1196; 95% CI 46.8–52.5%), in the rrs gene – in 7.1% (85/1196; CI 95% 5.7–8.7%). Among all studied isolates with resistance to fluoroquinolones, the most common mutation in the gyrA gene was D94G (79/163; 48.5%), including cases without wild-type dropout. The A90V mutation was present in 19% of cases. The S91P mutation was detected in 11.7% of isolates. The D94N and D94A mutations occurred in 9.2% and 7.4% of cases, respectively. In 3 cases, two mutations were present simultaneously. All isolates in our study had mutations in the rrs gene associated with high levels of resistance to injectable drugs (A1401G and G1484T). In the rrs gene, the rrs A1401G mutation was most common (81/85; 95.3%), including cases of simultaneous detection of “mutant samples” and “wild type” samples. In 4.7% of cases, the G1484T mutation was detected. In Arkhangelsk Oblast, 81.5% (95% CI 78.1% to 84.5%) of mutations in the embB gene were M306V mutations and 18.5% (95% CI 15.5% to 21.9%) were M306I mutations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>микобактерии</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>мутации ДНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>mycobacteria</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>DNA mutations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аляпкина Ю.С., Ларионова Е.Е., Смирнова Т.Г., Алексеев Я.И., Черноусова Л.Н., Владимирский М.А. 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