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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tiblj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез и болезни легких</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-1230</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Медицинские знания и технологии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58838/2075-1230-2025-103-1-74-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tiblj-1869</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ случаев туберкулеза с различным спектром мутаций в генах возбудителя, ассоциированных с устойчивостью к изониазиду и рифампицину</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of Tuberculosis Cases with a Different Range of Mutations in Pathogen Genes Associated with Resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampicin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салина</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salina</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Салина Татьяна Юрьевна - Д. м. н., профессор кафедры фтизиатрии Института подготовки кадров высшей квалификации  и дополнительного профессионального образования</title><p>410012, г. Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112  Тел. + 7 (845) 226-56-08</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Tatiana Yu. Salina - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Phthisiology Department, Institute of Higher Professional Training  and Further Professional Education </title><p>112 Bolshaya Kazachya St., Saratov, 410012  Phone: + 7 (845) 226-56-08</p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">SalinaTU@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Морозова Татьяна Ивановна - Д. м. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой фтизиатрии Института подготовки кадров высшей квалификации  и дополнительного профессионального образования </title><p>410012, г. Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112  Тел. + 7 (845) 226-56-08</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Tatyana I. Morozova - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Phthisiology Department, Institute of Higher Professional Training  and Further Professional Education </title><p>112 Bolshaya Kazachya St., Saratov, 410012  Phone: + 7 (845) 226-56-08</p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ti-morozova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВПО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салина Т.Ю., Морозова Т.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салина Т.Ю., Морозова Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salina T.Y., Morozova T.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1869">https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1869</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: проанализировать в Саратовской области случаи туберкулеза с различным спектром мутаций в генах M. tuberculosis, ассоциированных с устойчивостью к изониазиду и рифампицину, определить распространенность таких мутаций, клиническое значение и молекулярно-генетические особенности возбудителей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Методом биологических микрочипов исследовано 437 образцов мокроты, полученных от ВИЧ-негативных больных ТБ в 2006–2020 гг., живущих в Саратовской области. Изучение спектра мутаций проводилось в генах katG, inhA, ahpC, ассоциированных с ЛУ к изониазиду, и в гене rpoB, ассоциированных с ЛУ к рифампицину.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. ДНК МБТ выделена из 70,9% образцов, из них в 53,8% выявлены мутации в генах. Однонуклеотидные замены в одном из генов katG, inhA, ahpC, rpoB обнаружены в 36,1%, двойные мутации – в 10,9%, множественные (замены трех и более нуклеотидов) – в 6,8%. Наибольшее число двойных и множественных мутаций зарегистрировано в гене rpoB – у 8,9% и 10,2% соответственно. Наибольшее число сочетанных мутаций в разных генах наблюдалось в комбинации katG+rpoB – у 23,4% и katG+inhA+rpoB – в 19,2%. Выявлено 17 (5,48%) образцов, имеющих одновременно множественные и сочетанные мутации в разных генах katG, inhA, ahpC. Из них у 14 (82,3%) человек множественные мутации в генах katG, inhA, ahpC сочетались с множественными мутациями в гене rpoB, из которых у 57,2% зарегистрированы тяжелые формы ТБ с наличием деструкций и бактериовыделения. Таким образом, среди больных ТБ легких Cаратовской области выявлена группа, у которых возбудитель (МБТ) имел множественные мутации в генах katG, inhA, ahpC в сочетании с множественными мутациями в гене rpoB. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The objective</title><p>The objective: to analyze cases of tuberculosis with a different range of mutations in the M. tuberculosis genes associated with resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, to determine prevalence of such mutations, clinical significance and molecular genetic characteristics of pathogens. The cases detected in Saratov Oblast were included in the analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and Methods</title><p>Subjects and Methods. A total of 437 sputum samples obtained from HIV-negative tuberculosis patients in 2006-2020 living in</p><p>Saratov Oblast were examined by biological microarray method. The range of mutations was studied in katG, inhA, ahpC genes associated with drug resistance to isoniazid and in rpoB gene associated with drug resistance to rifampicin.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. DNA of M. tuberculosis was isolated from 70.9% of samples, of which 53.8% had mutations. Single-nucleotide substitutions in one of katG, inhA, ahpC, rpoB genes were found in 36.1%, double mutations were found in 10.9%, and multiple mutations (substitutions of three or more nucleotides) were found in 6.8%. The largest number of double and multiple mutations was registered in rpoB gene - 8.9% and 10.2%, respectively. The largest number of combined mutations in different genes was observed in the combination katG+rpoB – 23.4% and katG+inhA+rpoB – 19.2% 17 (5.48%) samples with simultaneous multiple and combined mutations in different genes katG, inhA, ahpC were identified. Of these, 14 (82.3%) people had multiple mutations in katG, inhA, ahpC genes combined with multiple mutations in rpoB gene, of which 57.2% had severe forms of tuberculosis with destruction and positive results of sputum tests. Thus in Saratov Oblast among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, a group was identified in which M. tuberculosis had multiple mutations in katG, inhA, ahpC genes in combination with multiple mutations in rpoB gene.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость МБТ</kwd><kwd>мутации в генах МБТ</kwd><kwd>биочип</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>drug resistance of M. tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>mutations in M. tuberculosis genes</kwd><kwd>biochip</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурмистрова И.А., Самойлова А.Г., Тюлькова Т.Е., Ваниев Э.В., Баласаянц Г.С., Васильева И.А. 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