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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tiblj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез и болезни легких</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-1230</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Медицинские знания и технологии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58838/2075-1230-2025-103-5-84-91</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tiblj-1918</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление туберкулеза у детей и подростков из очагов смерти от туберкулеза в Астраханской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Detection of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents from Outbreaks with Lethal Cases in Astrakhan Oblast</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чабанова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chabanova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чабанова Ольга Николаевна - к. м. н., доцент кафедры фтизиатрии.</p><p>414000, Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, д. 121</p><p>Тел.: + 7 (8512) 52-41-43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Chabanova - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of Phthisiology Department.</p><p>121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan, 414000</p><p>Phone: + 7 (8512) 52-41-43</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">on.chabanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельцова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Streltsova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стрельцова Елена Николаевна - д. м. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой фтизиатрии.</p><p>414000, Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, д. 121</p><p>Тел.: + 7 (8512) 52-41-43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Streltsova - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Phthisiology Department.</p><p>121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan, 414000</p><p>Phone: + 7 (8512) 52-41-43</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">strelco-elena@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чабанова О.Н., Стрельцова Е.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чабанова О.Н., Стрельцова Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chabanova O.N., Streltsova E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1918">https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1918</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: проанализировать медико-социальные факторы в очагах смерти от туберкулеза у детей и подростков с впервые выявленным туберкулезом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование из 99 очагов смерти от туберкулеза включено 107 детей и подростков в возрасте от 0 до 17 лет, находившихся на обследовании и лечении в стационаре № 3 ГБУЗ АО «Областной клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер» г. Астрахани за период с 2015 по 2023 гг. по поводу впервые выявленного туберкулеза.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При ретроспективном анализе медицинской документации установлено, что с 2015 по 2023 гг. уменьшилось абсолютное число детей и подростков с туберкулезом из очагов смерти, что связано со значительным снижением уровня смертности от туберкулеза в регионе. Большинство заболевших выявлено при проведении иммунодиагностики – 52/107 (48,6%) и при обследовании по контакту – 50/107 (46,7%), остальные при флюорографии – 2/107 (1,9%) и при обращении за медицинской помощью – 3/107 (2,8%). У детей от 0 до 14 лет чаще диагностировался туберкулез внутригрудных лимфатических узлов (ТВГЛУ) – 77/88 (87,5%), из них выявлены в фазе обызвествления 51/77 (66,2%) детей и 10/19 (52,6%) подростков. Источником инфекции в очаге смерти чаще был один из родителей – у 50/107 (46,7%) детей или подростков. Множественная лекарственная устойчивость возбудителя у источника инфекции подтверждена в 68/99 (68,6%) очагах смерти. У 40,2% детей или подростков туберкулез выявлялся через 3 года после смерти источника инфекции. Семьи у 36/107 (33,6%) детей и подростков были неблагополучными.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The objective</title><p>The objective: to analyze medical and social factors in new cases among children and adolescents from tuberculosis outbreaks with lethal cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and Methods</title><p>Subjects and Methods. 107 children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years were enrolled in the study. They all were examined and treated at Hospital No. 3 of Regional Clinical TB Dispensary in Astrakhan in 2015-2023. They were confirmed as new cases after exposure to 99 tuberculosis outbreaks with lethal cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A retrospective analysis of medical records revealed that from 2015 to 2023, the absolute number of children and adolescents ill with tuberculosis after exposure to tuberculosis outbreaks with lethal cases decreased, which was associated with a significant reduction of tuberculosis mortality in the region. The majority of cases were identified by immunodiagnostics – 52/107 (48.6%) and contact screening – 50/107 (46.7%), the rest were detected by fluorography – 2/107 (1.9%) and when seeking medical help – 3/107 (2.8%). In children aged 0 to 14 years, tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes (TBITLN) was diagnosed more often – 77/88 (87.5%), of which in 51/77 (66.2%) children and 10/19 (52.6%) adolescents, the calcification phase was observed. Most often one of the parents was the index case at the outbreak with lethal cases – in 50/107 (46.7%) children or adolescents. Multidrug resistance of was confirmed in the index case in 68/99 (68.6%) outbreaks with lethal cases. In 40.2% of children or adolescents, tuberculosis was detected 3 years after the death of the index case. 36/107 (33.6%) children and adolescents belonged to socially marginalized families.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>медико-социальные факторы</kwd><kwd>дети и подростки</kwd><kwd>очаг смерти от туберкулеза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>medical and social factors</kwd><kwd>children and adolescents</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis outbreak with lethal cases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аксенова В.А., Клевно Н.И., Кавтарашвили С.М., Казаков А.В., Пахлавонова А.Д. 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