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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tiblj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез и болезни легких</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-1230</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Медицинские знания и технологии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58838/2075-1230-2025-103-6-17-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tiblj-1928</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности современных методов тестирования устойчивости к рифампицину в выявлении гетерорезистентности культур Mycobacterium tuberculosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Potential of Modern Methods of Rifampicin Susceptibility Testing in Detection of Heteroresistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cultures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавренчук</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrenchuk</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лавренчук Леонид Сергеевич - Младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела микробиологии и доклинических исследований</p><p>620039, г. Екатеринбург, ул. 22-го Партсъезда, д. 50Тел.: +7(343)333-44-59</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid S. Lavrenchuk - Junior Researcher of Research Department of Microbiology and Preclinical Studies</p><p>50 XXII Parts"ezda St., Yekaterinburg, 620039Phone: +7(343 ) 333-44-59</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leon5d@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умпелева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umpeleva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Умпелева Татьяна Валерьевна - Ведущий научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела микробиологии и доклинических исследований</p><p>620039, г. Екатеринбург, ул. 22-го Партсъезда, д. 50Тел.: +7(343)333-44-59</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Umpeleva - Leading Researcher of Research Department of Microbiology and Preclinical Studies </p><p>50 XXII Parts"ezda St., Yekaterinburg, 620039Phone: +7(343 ) 333-44-59</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tumpeleva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляев Данила Владимирович - Младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательскогоклинического отдела</p><p>620039, г. Екатеринбург, ул. 22-го Партсъезда, д. 50Тел.: +7(343)333-44-59</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danila V. Belyaev - Junior Researcher of ResearchClinical Department</p><p>50 XXII Parts"ezda St., Yekaterinburg, 620039Phone: +7(343 ) 333-44-59</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d734698@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дианов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dianov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дианов Дмитрий Владиславович - Младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела микробиологии и доклинических исследований</p><p>620039, г. Екатеринбург, ул. 22-го Партсъезда, д. 50Тел.: +7(343)333-44-59</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy V. Dianov - Junior Researcher of Research Department of Microbiology and Preclinical Studies  </p><p>50 XXII Parts"ezda St., Yekaterinburg, 620039Phone: +7(343 ) 333-44-59</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dima.dianov.99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахрушева</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhrusheva</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вахрушева Диана Владимировна - Заведующая научно-исследовательским отделом микробиологии и доклинических исследований</p><p>620039, г. Екатеринбург, ул. 22-го Партсъезда, д. 50Тел.: +7(343)333-44-59</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana V. Vakhrusheva - Head of Research Departmentof Microbiology and Preclinical Studies  </p><p>50 XXII Parts"ezda St., Yekaterinburg, 620039Phone: +7(343 ) 333-44-59</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vakhrusheva2023@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский научно-исследовательский институт&#13;
фтизиопульмонологии – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ ФПИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Phthisiopulmonology Research Institute – a Branch of National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лавренчук Л.С., Умпелева Т.В., Беляев Д.В., Дианов Д.В., Вахрушева Д.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лавренчук Л.С., Умпелева Т.В., Беляев Д.В., Дианов Д.В., Вахрушева Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lavrenchuk L.S., Umpeleva T.V., Belyaev D.V., Dianov D.V., Vakhrusheva D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1928">https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1928</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценка возможности современных методов тестирования устойчивости к рифампицину в выявлении гетерорезистентности культур Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Искусственно созданы смеси чувствительного (H37Rv) и устойчивого (штамм 5521 с ШЛУ, с мутацией rpoB Ser531Leu) штаммов МБТ в пропорциях от 0% до 100%. Для тестирования устойчивости к рифампицину использованы фенотипические методы (BACTEC MGIT 960, метод пропорций на среде Миддлбрук 7H10) и молекулярно-генетические тесты (ТБ-ТЕСТ, Амплитуб-МЛУ-РВ, АмплиТест МБТ-Резист I).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Фенотипические методы выявили устойчивость к рифампицину при 1% резистентных клеток в смеси. Молекулярно-генетические методы показали вариабельный порог детекции: 5% (АмплиТест МБТ-Резист I), 20% (ТБ-ТЕСТ), 30% (Амплитуб-МЛУ-РВ). Показана возможность повышения чувствительности отечественных молекулярно-генетических тест-систем путем совершенствования программ интерпретации данных ПЦР, а также необходимость разработки алгоритмов диагностики ЛЧ МБТ с учетом ограничений используемых методов. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The objective</title><p>The objective: evaluation of potential of modern methods of rifampicin susceptibility testing in detection of heteroresistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and Methods</title><p>Subjects and Methods. Mixtures of susceptible (H37Rv) and resistant (strain 5521 with XDR, with the rpoB Ser531Leu mutation) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were artificially created in proportions from 0% to 100%. Phenotypic methods (BACTEC MGIT 960, proportion method on Middlebrook 7H10 medium) and molecular genetic tests (TB-TEST, Amplitub-MLU-RV, AmpliTest MBT-Resist I) were used to test resistance to rifampicin.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Phenotypic methods revealed resistance to rifampicin with 1% resistant cells in the mixture. Molecular genetic methods showed variable detection thresholds: 5% (AmpliTest MBT-Resist I), 20% (TB-TEST), and 30% (Amplitub-MDR-RV). The authors demonstrate possibility of enhancing the sensitivity of domestic molecular genetic test systems by improving PCR data interpretation software, as well as the need to develop algorithms for tuberculosis diagnosing, taking into account limitations of the methods used. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гетерорезистентность</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>рифампицин</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>фенотипические методы</kwd><kwd>мутация rpoB Ser531Leu</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heteroresistance</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>rifampicin</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic diagnostics</kwd><kwd>phenotypic methods</kwd><kwd>rpoB Ser531Leu mutation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев Д.В., Умпелева Т.В., Дианов Д.В., Лавренчук Л.С., Ботева Т.Ю., Вахрушева Д.В. 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