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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tiblj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез и болезни легких</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-1230</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Медицинские знания и технологии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58838/2075-1230-2026-104-1-8-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tiblj-1940</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние химиотерапии лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза органов дыхания на состав микробиоты фекальных масс у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Impact of Chemotherapy for Drug-Resistant Respiratory Tuberculosis on the Composition of Fecal Microbiota in Children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9455-5597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юхименко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukhimenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юхименко Наталья Валентиновна, д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник детско-подросткового отдела </p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, д. 2</p><p>Tел.: +7 (499) 785-30-23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Yukhimenko, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher of Children and Adolescents Department</p><p>2 Yauzskaya Alleya, Moscow, 107564</p><p>Phone: +7 (499) 785-30-23</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">detstvocniit@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-4108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стерликова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sterlikova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стерликова Светлана Сергеевна, врач младшего детского отделения</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, д. 2</p><p>Tел.: +7 (499) 785-30-23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana S. Sterlikova, Physician of Junior Children Department</p><p>2 Yauzskaya Alleya, Moscow, 107564</p><p>Phone: +7 (499) 785-30-23</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.sterlikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9724-9862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Губкина</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gubkina</surname><given-names>M. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Губкина Марина Федоровна, д. м. н., главный научный сотрудник детско-подросткового отдела, профессор кафедры фтизиатрии</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, д. 2</p><p>Tел.: +7 (499) 785-30-23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina F. Gubkina, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head Researcher of Children and Adolescents Department, Professor of Phthisiology Department</p><p>2 Yauzskaya Alleya, Moscow, 107564</p><p>Phone: +7 (499) 785-30-23</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">detstvocniit@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-3515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каюкова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kayukova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каюкова Светлана Ивановна, д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии, профессор кафедры фтизиатрии</p><p>107564, Москва, Яузская аллея, д. 2</p><p>Tел.: +7 (499) 785-30-23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sveltana I. Kayukova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher of Immunology Department, Professor of Phthisiology Department</p><p>2 Yauzskaya Alleya, Moscow, 107564</p><p>Phone: +7 (499) 785-30-23</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kajukovalnp@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-2406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донников</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Donnikov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Донников Андрей Евгеньевич, к. м. н., заведующий лабораторией молекулярно-генетических методов, доцент кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики, медицинской микробиологии и патологической анатомии Академии постдипломного образования ФГБУ ФНКЦ ФМБА России</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p><p>Tел.: +7 (495) 531-44-44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey E. Donnikov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Methods, Associate Professor of Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Microbiology and Pathological Anatomy</p><p>4 Akademika Oparina St., Moscow, 117997</p><p>Phone: +7 (495) 531-44-44</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_donnikov@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Tuberculosis Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза»; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Tuberculosis Research Institute; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова» МЗ РФ; ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, Russian Ministry of Health; Federal Scientific Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юхименко Н.В., Стерликова С.С., Губкина М.Ф., Каюкова С.И., Донников А.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юхименко Н.В., Стерликова С.С., Губкина М.Ф., Каюкова С.И., Донников А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yukhimenko N.V., Sterlikova S.S., Gubkina M.F., Kayukova S.I., Donnikov A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1940">https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1940</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить видовой и количественный состав микробиоты фекальных масс у детей в процессе химиотерапии лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза органов дыхания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 17 детей в возрасте 2–12 лет с туберкулезом органов дыхания, получавших лечение по поводу лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза органов дыхания в период с 2022 по 2024 гг. в ФГБНУ «ЦНИИТ». Исследование микробиоты фекальных масс проводилось методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени с использованием набора реагентов «ЭНТЕРОФЛОР®Дети» в сроки: до начала ХТ, через 2 и через 4 месяца ХТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Максимально выраженные нарушения микробиоценоза кишечника по представителям нормобиоты отмечены через 2 месяца ХТ, к 4 месяцам эти показатели не ухудшались как по количественному уровню, так и по частоте отклонений от референтных значений: для представителей филума Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria) – у Bifidobacterium spp. и Coriobacteriia, для представителей филума Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) – у Butyricimonas spp., Parabacteroides spp., Prevotella spp. Изменения в составе нормобиоты сопровождались увеличением доли условно-патогенной микробиоты к 2 мес. и сохранением этих значений к 4 мес. ХТ. Представители патогенной микробиоты, которых не было до начала ХТ, появились к 2 мес. ХТ с частотой: Streptococcus agalactiae – в 35,3% случаев, Clostridioides difficile, с генами токсигенности cdtА и cdtB – в 58,9%, и увеличением – до 71,5% к 4 мес. ХТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение режимов химиотерапии лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза статистически значимо отрицательно влияет на состояние микробиоты кишечника у детей: доля нормобиоты снижается, доля условно-патогенной микробиоты увеличивается, появляется патогенная микробиота.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The objective</title><p>The objective: to study the species and quantitative composition of fecal microbiota in children undergoing chemotherapy for drug-resistant respiratory tuberculosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and Methods</title><p>Subjects and Methods. The study included 17 children from 2 to 12 years old with respiratory tuberculosis who received treatment for drug-resistant respiratory tuberculosis from 2022 to 2024 at Central Tuberculosis Research Institute. Fecal microbiota was tested by real-time PCR using the ENTEROFLOR® Children reagent kit at the following time points: before the start of chemotherapy, after 2 and 4 months of chemotherapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The most pronounced disturbances in the intestinal microbiocenosis among representatives of normobiota were noted after 2 months of chemotherapy; by 4 months, those parameters did not deteriorate either in quantitative terms or frequency of deviations from reference values: for representatives of the phylum Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria) – in Bifidobacterium spp. and Coriobacteriia, for representatives of the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) – in Butyricimonas spp., Parabacteroides spp., Prevotella spp. Changes in the composition of normobiota were associated with the elevated proportion of opportunistic microbiota by 2 months and persistence of these values by 4 months of chemotherapy. Representatives of pathogenic microbiota, which were not present before chemotherapy, appeared by 2 months of chemotherapy with the following frequency: Streptococcus agalactiae – in 35.3% of cases, Clostridioides difficile, with the toxigenic genes cdtA and cdtB – in 58.9%, and increasing to 71.5% by 4 months of chemotherapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Treatment with chemotherapy regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis has a statistically significant negative impact on intestinal microbiota in children: the proportion of normobiota decreases, the proportion of opportunistic microbiota increases, and pathogenic microbiota develops.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисбиоз</kwd><kwd>микробиота кишечника</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>туберкулез органов дыхания</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>лекарственно-устойчивый туберкулез</kwd><kwd>ЭНТЕРОФЛОР®Дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dysbiosis</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiota</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>respiratory tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>drug-resistant tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>ENTEROFLOR®Children</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках НИОКТР ФГБНУ «ЦНИИТ» Рег. № 123061500085-1 «Комплексное лечение детей  с впервые выявленным туберкулезом органов дыхания и дисбиозом кишечника».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was carried out within the framework of the R&amp;D program of Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Reg. 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