tibljТуберкулез и болезни легкихTuberculosis and Lung Diseases2075-12302542-1506Медицинские знания и технологии10.58838/2075-1230-2026-104-1-100-113tiblj-1953Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWВозможности выявления латентной туберкулезной инфекции в группах риска: иммунодиагностика и машинное обучение (систематический обзор)Advances in Detecting Latent Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Groups: from Immunodiagnostics to Machine Learning (Systematic Review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-4537СабироваА. Р.SabirovaA. R.

Сабирова Адиля Радиковна, ассистент кафедры фтизиатрии, инженер-исследователь лаборатории «Вероятностные методы в анализе» факультета математики и компьютерных наук

450008, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3;

Тел.: +7 (347) 272-92-31

Adilya R. Sabirova, Assistant of Phthisiology Department, Research Engineer of Laboratory for Probabilistic Methods in Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science

3 Lenina St., Ufa, Bashkortostan Republic, Russia, 450008;

Phone: +7 (347) 272-92-31

adilyasabirova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-4832ШариповР. А.SharipovR. A.

Шарипов Рауль Ахнафович, к. м. н., заведующий кафедрой фтизиатрии

450008, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3;

Тел.: +7 (347) 272-92-31

Raul A. Sharipov, Candidate of Medical Sciences,Head of Phthisiology Department

3 Lenina St., Ufa, Bashkortostan Republic, Russia, 450008;

Phone: +7 (347) 272-92-31

raul-crkb@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-4100-6839ТукфатуллинР. К.TukfatullinR. K.

Тукфатуллин Равиль Кашфиевич, к. м. н., доцент кафедры фтизиатрии

450008, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3;

Тел.: +7 (347) 272-92-31

Ravil K. Tukfatullin, Candidate of Medical Sciences,Associate Professor of Phthisiology Department

3 Lenina St., Ufa, Bashkortostan Republic, Russia, 450008;

Phone: +7 (347) 272-92-31

drfll-17@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8383-8519ДовгалюкИ. Ф.DovgalyukI. F.

Довгалюк Ирина Федоровна, д. м. н., профессор, советник директора, главный внештатный специалист-фтизиопедиатр Северо-Западного региона

190961, г. Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., д. 2-4;

Тел.: +7 (812) 775-75-55

Irina F. Dovgalyuk, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor,Advisor of the Director, Chief Freelance

2-4 Ligovsky Ave., St. Petersburg, 190961;

Phone: +7 (812) 775-75-55

prdovgaluk@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467КудлайД. А.KudlayD. A.

Кудлай Дмитрий Анатольевич, член-корреспондент РАН, д. м. н., профессор кафедры фармакологии Института фармации, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины и молекулярной иммунологии № 71; профессор кафедры фармакогнозии и промышленной фармации факультета фундаментальной медицины

119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2;

Тел.: +7 (499) 248-05-53

Dmitry A. Kudlay, Correspondent Member of RAS, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy Institute, Leading Researcher of Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology № 71; Professor of Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Fundamental Medicine Faculty

8 Bd. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991;

Phone: +7 (499) 248-05-53

D624254@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-6986СтаршиноваА. А.StarshinovaA. A.

Старшинова Анна Андреевна, д. м. н., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории «Вероятностные методы в анализе» факультета математики и компьютерных наук, начальник Управления научными исследованиями,профессор кафедры факультетской терапии с клиникой

199034, Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7-9;

Тел.: +7 (812) 363-66-36

Anna A. Starshinova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Chief Researcher of Laboratory for Probabilistic Methods in Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science,Head of Research Directorate, Professor of Faculty Therapy Department and Clinic

7-9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg, 199034;

Phone: +7 (812) 363-66-36

starshinova_777@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»РоссияBashkir State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health; St. Petersburg UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФРоссияBashkir State Medical University, Russian Ministry of HealthRussian FederationФГБУ «СПб НИИ фтизиопульмонологии»РоссияSt. Petersburg Research Institute of PhthisiopulmonologyRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет); ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России; ФГБОУ ВПО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russian Ministry of Health; Immunology Research Institute by the Russian Federal Medical Biological Agency; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»; ФГБУ «НМИЦ им. В.А. Алмазова» МЗ РФРоссияSt. Petersburg University; Almazov National Medical Research Center, Russian Ministry of HealthRussian Federation2026220320261041100113Copyright © Сабирова А.Р., Шарипов Р.А., Тукфатуллин Р.К., Довгалюк И.Ф., Кудлай Д.А., Старшинова А.А., 20262026Сабирова А.Р., Шарипов Р.А., Тукфатуллин Р.К., Довгалюк И.Ф., Кудлай Д.А., Старшинова А.А.Sabirova A.R., Sharipov R.A., Tukfatullin R.K., Dovgalyuk I.F., Kudlay D.A., Starshinova A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1953

Выявление латентной туберкулезной инфекции (ЛТИ) имеет важное значение для улучшения эпидемической ситуации в регионе. В условиях снижения распространения туберкулеза выявление ЛТИ в группах риска приобретает особое значение. На сегодняшний день не существует метода, позволяющего гарантированно выявить наличие или отсутствие латентной туберкулезной инфекции. В рамках работы проведен анализ 71 публикации по методам выявления латентной туберкулезной инфекции, включая современные иммунологические тесты, созданные на основе антигенов ESAT-6 и CFP-10 M. tuberculosis, а также на определении уровня высвобождения интерферона-γ (IGRA-тесты). Актуально создание стратегии диагностики латентной туберкулезной инфекции у лиц с сахарным диабетом, врожденным или приобретенным иммунодефицитом, получающих иммуносупрессивную терапию, находящихся на гемодиализе и т.п., а также у лиц детского и пожилого возраста. Перспективное направление в развитии фтизиатрии имеет поиск новых маркеров латентной туберкулезной инфекции с применением искусственного интеллекта с целью ее выявления и прогнозирования активного туберкулеза.

The detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is essential for improving the epidemiological situation in the region. As tuberculosis prevalence declines, identifying LTBI in risk groups becomes increasingly significant. At present, no method exists that can reliably confirm or exclude the presence of latent tuberculosis infection. In this study, we analyzed 71 publications on methods for LTBI detection, including modern immunological tests based on Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10, as well as interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs). Developing diagnostic strategies for LTBI is particularly relevant for individuals with diabetes mellitus, congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, patients undergoing hemodialysis, as well as for children and the elderly. The search for novel LTBI biomarkers using artificial intelligence, aimed at improving detection and predicting the progression to active tuberculosis seems to be promising advancement in phthisiology.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.