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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tiblj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез и болезни легких</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-1230</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Медицинские знания и технологии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58838/2075-1230-2026-104-3-26-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tiblj-1969</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная характеристика генов антибиотикорезистентности в микробном сообществе фекалий здорового контроля и больных туберкулезом легких до и после противотуберкулезной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Fecal Microbial Community of Healthy Controls and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients before and after Antituberculosis Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-7699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юнусбаева</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yunusbaeva</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юнусбаева Миляуша Мусиевна, К. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории функциональной геномики</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., д. 2-4;</p><p>Тел.+7(812) 775-75-55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milyausha M. Yunusbaeva, PhD, Leading Researcher,Laboratory of Functional Genomics</p><p>2-4 Ligovsky pr., St. Petersburg, 191036;</p><p>Tel: +7(812) 775-75-55</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">milyausha_ufa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородина</surname><given-names>Л. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodina</surname><given-names>L. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бородина Лилия Явдатовна, Врач-фтизиатр высшей категории</p><p>450080, г. Уфа, ул. С. Агиша, д. 4;</p><p>Тел. +7 (347) 228-45-14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliya Y. Borodina, Phthisiologist of the Highest Category</p><p>4 S. Agisha St., Ufa, 450080;</p><p>Tel: +7 (347) 228-45-14</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liliboro@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ряховский</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryakhovsky</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ряховский Сергей Сергеевич, Аспирант</p><p>197101, г. Санкт-Петербург, Кронверкский проспект, д. 49, литер. А;</p><p>Тел. + 7 (812) 480-04-80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei S. Ryakhovsky, PhD Student</p><p>49, lit. A, Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg, 197101;</p><p>Tel. +7 (812) 480-04-80</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gshock00160@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юнусбаева</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yunusbayeva</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юнусбаева Алия Баязитовна, Инженер-исследователь, бакалавр</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., д. 2-4;</p><p>Тел.+7(812) 775-75-55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliya B. Yunusbayeva, Research Engineer, Bachelor's degree</p><p>2-4 Ligovsky pr., St. Petersburg, 191036;</p><p>Tel: +7(812) 775-75-55</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aliya_yunusbayeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алтынбаев</surname><given-names>Р. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Altinbaev</surname><given-names>R. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алтынбаев Радик Шамсутдинович, Инженер лаборатории нейрофизиологии обучения</p><p>117485, Москва, ул. Бутлерова, д. 5А;</p><p>Тел. + 7 ( 495) 334-70-00</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radick S. Altinbaev Engineer, Laboratory of Neurophysiology</p><p>5A Butlerova St., Moscow, 117485;</p><p>Tel. +7 (495) 334-70-00</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neuroplast@ihna.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5354-8139</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабирова</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabirova</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сабирова Дина Мизхатовна, Лаборант-исследователь лаборатории функциональной геномики</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., д. 2-4;</p><p>Тел.+7(812) 775-75-55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina M. Sabirova, Laboratory Research Assistant, Laboratory of Functional Genomics</p><p>2-4 Ligovsky pr., St. Petersburg, 191036;</p><p>Tel: +7(812) 775-75-55</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dinya.sabirova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-8763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юнусбаев</surname><given-names>Б. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yunusbayev</surname><given-names>B. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юнусбаев Баязит Булатович, К.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории функциональной геномики, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., д. 2-4;</p><p>Тел.+7(812) 775-75-55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bayazit B. Yunusbayev, PhD, Leading Researcher,Laboratory of Functional Genomics; Senior Researcher, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology</p><p>2-4 Ligovsky pr., St. Petersburg, 191036;</p><p>Tel: +7(812) 775-75-55</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yunusbb@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Республиканский клинический фтизиопульмонологический центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Clinical Phthisiopulmonology Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» МЗ РФ; ФГАОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» МЗ РФ; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Saint-Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юнусбаева М.М., Бородина Л.Я., Ряховский С.С., Юнусбаева А.Б., Алтынбаев Р.Ш., Сабирова Д.М., Юнусбаев Б.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юнусбаева М.М., Бородина Л.Я., Ряховский С.С., Юнусбаева А.Б., Алтынбаев Р.Ш., Сабирова Д.М., Юнусбаев Б.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yunusbaeva M.M., Borodina L.Y., Ryakhovsky S.S., Yunusbayeva A.B., Altinbaev R.S., Sabirova D.M., Yunusbayev B.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1969">https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1969</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучение разнообразия и распределения генов антибиотикорезистентности в микробном сообществе фекалий больных туберкулезом легких и здорового контроля, а также анализ влияния длительной многокомпонентной химиотерапии на структуру резистома фекалий больных туберкулезом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использовали образцы метагеномной ДНК, полученной из фекальных образцов пациентов, больных туберкулезом легких, и здоровых добровольцев. Анализ метагеномных данных проводился с использованием пакетов программ microbiome среды R и базы данных по аннотации генов антибиотикорезистентности CARD.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Микробное сообщество фекалий пациентов с туберкулезом демонстрирует высокое разнообразие генов антибиотикорезистентности по сравнению со здоровым контролем. Противотуберкулезная терапия незначительно снижает разнообразие генов резистентности. Гены устойчивости к тетрациклинам являются наиболее распространенными в микробиоме кишечника, далее следуют гены устойчивости к линкозамидам, макролидам и аминогликозидам. Микробное сообщество фекалий больных туберкулезом дополнительно обогащено генами резистентности к фторхинолонам, аминокумаринам, бета-лактамным и пептидным антибиотикам. Основной резервуар генов резистентности здорового микробиома формируют представители филумов Bacteroidota и Bacillota, тогда как резистом фекалий больных туберкулезом в первую очередь определяют гены, аннотированные в Pseudomonadota (Escherichia, Klebsiella, Campylobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Vibrio) и Bacillota (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Blautia, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Enterococcus). Попарное сравнение метагеномных данных больных туберкулезом до и после химиотерапии позволило выявить четыре гена: pmrA, Bado_rpoB_RIF, npmA и AAC(6')-Ib7, количество которых увеличилось на фоне противотуберкулезной терапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The objective</title><p>The objective: to investigate the diversity and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes within the fecal microbial community of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) compared to controls, and to analyze the impact of long-term multicomponent chemotherapy on the fecal resistome structure in TB patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Metagenomic DNA samples obtained from fecal specimens of pulmonary TB patients and healthy individuals were used in this study. The matagenomic data analysis was performed using the microbiome R package and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Gene Annotation Database (CARD)</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The fecal microbial community of TB patients demonstrates high diversity of antibiotic resistance genes compared to healthy controls. TB therapy slightly reduces the diversity of resistance genes. Tetracycline resistance genes are the most abundant in the gut microbiome, followed by genes conferring resistance to lincosamides, macrolides, and aminoglycosides. The fecal microbial community of TB patients additionally harbors genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminocoumarins, beta-lactam, and peptide antibiotics. In the healthy microbiome, the main reservoir of resistance genes is comprised of members of Bacteroidota and Bacillota phyla. In contrast, the fecal resistome of TB patients is primarily driven by genes annotated within Pseudomonadota (Escherichia, Klebsiella, Campylobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Vibrio) and Bacillota (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Blautia, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Enterococcus). A pairwise comparison of metagenomic data of TB patients before and after chemotherapy identified four genes (pmrA, Bado_rpoB_RIF, npmA and AAC(6')-Ib7) whose abundance increased during TB treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>резистом кишечника</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>ген устойчивости к антибиотику</kwd><kwd>антибиотик</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>gut resistome</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance gene</kwd><kwd>antibiotic</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-15-00133</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant № 25-15-00133.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanco-Míguez A., Beghini F., Cumbo F., McIver L.J., Thompson K.N., Zolfo M., Manghi P., Dubois L., Huang K.D., Thomas A.M., Nickols W.A., Piccinno G., Piperni E., Puncochar M., Valles-Colomer M., Tett A., Giordano F., Davies R., Wolf J., Berry S.E., Spector T.D., Franzosa E.A., Pasolli E., Asnicar F., Huttenhower C., Segata N. 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