tibljТуберкулез и болезни легкихTuberculosis and Lung Diseases2075-12302542-1506Медицинские знания и технологии10.58838/2075-1230-2026-104-3-98-106tiblj-1977Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWПрофилактика туберкулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью среди контактных лиц (обзор литературы)Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis among Contacts (Literature Review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-3515КаюковаС. И.KayukovaS. I.

Каюкова Светлана Ивановна, Д. м. н., профессор кафедры фтизиатрии ИКМ, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии, вирусологии и молекулярно-биологических методовисследования

117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1;

Тел. +7 (495) 434-14-22

Svetlana I. Kayukova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Microbiology, Virology and Molecular Biological Research Methods

1 Ostrovityanova St., 117997 Moscow;

Tel. +7 (495) 434-14-22

kajukovalnp@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-1518-4555ПриходькоА. А.PrikhodkoA. A.

Приходько Алена Андреевна, Аспирант кафедры фтизиатрии ИКМ, младший научный сотрудник научного отдела дифференциальной диагностики и лечения туберкулеза и сочетанных инфекций, врач-фтизиатр

117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1;

Тел. +7 (495) 434-14-22

Alena A. Prikhodko, Postgraduate Student, Department of Phthisiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine; Junior Researcher, Department of Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis and Co-infections, Phthisiologist

1 Ostrovityanova St., 117997 Moscow;

Tel. +7 (495) 434-14-22

aln.prikhodko@yandex.ruПоляковаА. С.PolyakovaA. S.

Полякова Александра Сергеевна, Врач-фтизиатр участковый филиала по ЗелАО г. Москвы

107014, г. Москва, ул. Стромынка, д.10;

Тел. + 7 (499) 268-28-10

Alexandra S. Polyakova, District Phthisiologist, Zelenograd AD Branch, Moscow

10 Stromynka St., 107014 Moscow;

Tel. + 7 (499) 268-28-10

polyak0611@mail.ruСоколоваЕ. Д.SokolovaE. D.

Соколова Елизавета Дмитриевна, Ординатор кафедры фтизиатрии ИКМ

117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1;

Тел. +7 (495) 434-14-22

Elizaveta D. Sokolova, Resident, Department of Phthisiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine

1 Ostrovityanova St., 117997 Moscow;

Tel. +7 (495) 434-14-22

elizaveta.sokolova.2015@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4224-6060ШарковаТ. И.SharkovaT. I.

Шаркова Татьяна Ивановна, Доцент кафедры фтизиатрии ИКМ

117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1;

Тел. +7 (495) 434-14-22

Tatyana I. Sharkova, Associate Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine

1 Ostrovityanova St., 117997 Moscow;

Tel. +7 (495) 434-14-22

tisharkova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-0622ЕршоваН. Г.ErshovaN. G.

Ершова Наталья Германовна, Доцент кафедры фтизиатрии ИКМ

117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1;

Тел. +7 (495) 434-14-22

Natalya G. Ershova, Associate Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine

1 Ostrovityanova St., 117997 Moscow;

Tel. +7 (495) 434-14-22

natalygerman@mail.ruФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» МЗ РФРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»РоссияMoscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control, Moscow Government Department of HealthRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202616072026104398106Copyright © Каюкова С.И., Приходько А.А., Полякова А.С., Соколова Е.Д., Шаркова Т.И., Ершова Н.Г., 20262026Каюкова С.И., Приходько А.А., Полякова А.С., Соколова Е.Д., Шаркова Т.И., Ершова Н.Г.Kayukova S.I., Prikhodko A.A., Polyakova A.S., Sokolova E.D., Sharkova T.I., Ershova N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1977

Обобщены результаты исследований по превентивному лечению лиц, имевших контакты с больными множественным лекарственно-устойчивым туберкулезом (МЛУ-ТБ). Проведен систематический поиск научных публикаций в электронных библиотеках Google Scholar, PubMed и eLibrary по эпидемиологии и превентивному лечению лиц из контакта с МЛУ ТБ. Запрашиваемый период – с 2018 по 2025 г., поиск осуществлен по ключевым словам, представленным в медицинских предметных рубриках (MeSH), «Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant» / «epidemiology», «transmission», «prevention & control». В результате отбора в обзор литературы включена 41 публикация.

Результаты. Обзор литературы показал, что разработка и применение новых высокоэффективных и безопасных противотуберкулезных препаратов в схемах превентивного лечения лиц из контакта с больным МЛУ-ТБ является перспективным направлением по снижению заболеваемости МЛУ-ТБ.

This review summarizes the results of research on preventive treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) contacts. A systematic literature search was conducted in the Google Scholar, PubMed and eLibrary databases to identify publications on the epidemiology and preventive treatment of MDR-TB contacts. The search covered the period from 2018 to 2025 using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords: “Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant” / “Epidemiology”, “Transmission”, and “Prevention & Control”. Following the selection process, 41 publications were included in this literature review

Results. The literature review demonstrated that the development and implementation of new, highly effective and safe antituberculosis drugs in preventive treatment regimens for MDR-TB contacts represents a promising approach to reducing the incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

туберкулезмножественная лекарственная устойчивостьпревентивное лечениеконтактные лицаtuberculosismultidrug resistancepreventive treatmentcontactsReferencesАксенова В.А., Баронова О.Д., Барышникова Л.А., Казаков А.В., Клевно Н.И. Латентная туберкулезная инфекция у детей. Клинические рекомендации. – М.: РООИ «Здоровье человека», 2024.Aksenova V.A., Baronova O.D., Baryshnikova L.A., Kazakov A.V., Klevno N.I. Latent tuberculosis infection in children. Clinical guidelines. Moscow, RPODP Zdorovie cheloveka Publ., 2024. (In Russ.)Аксенова В.А., Клевно Н.И., Кавтарашвили С.М., Казаков А.В., Пахлавонова А.Д. Очаг туберкулезной инфекции как риск развития у детей туберкулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью» // Туберкулез и болезни легких. – 2018. – Т. 96, № 1. – С. 11-17. https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2018-96-1-11-17Аksenovа V.A., Klevno N.I., Kаvtаrаshvili S.M., Kаzаkov A.V., Pаkhlаvonovа A.D. The nidus of tuberculous infection as a risk factor of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis in children. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2018;96(1):11-17. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2018-96-1-11-17Васильева И.А., Стерликов С.А., Тестов В.В., Михайлов А.Ю., Голубев Н.А., Кучерявая Д.А., Пономарев С.Б. Ресурсы и деятельность противотуберкулезных организаций Российской Федерации в 2023-2024 гг. – М.: ФГБУ НМИЦ ФПИ Минздрава России, 2025.Vasilyeva I.A., Sterlikov S.A., Testov V.V., Mikhailov A.Yu., Golubev N.A., Kucheryavaya D.A., Ponomarev S.B. Resources and activities of TB control institutions of the Russian Federation in 2023–2024. Moscow, NMRC PP&ID, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2025. (In Russ.)Гурьева Т.И., Никишова Е.И., Золотая О.А., Свешникова О.М., Перхин Д.В., Марьяндышев А.О. Профилактика туберкулеза фторхинолонами, в том числе моксифлоксацином, у детей из контакта с больными туберкулезом с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью // Туберкулез и болезни легких. – 2025. – Т. 103, № 4. – С. 24-31. https://doi.org/10.58838/2075-1230-2025-103-4-24-31Guryeva T.I., Nikishova E.I., Zolotaya O.A., Sveshnikova O.M., Perkhin D.V., Maryandyshev A.O. Preventive Treatment of Tuberculosis with Fluoroquinolones Including Moxifloxacin in Children Exposed to Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2025;103(4):24-31. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.58838/2075-1230-2025-103-4-24-31Жандаулетова Ж.Т., Никишова Е.И., Марьяндышев А.О., Серикбаева К.С., Аденов М.М., Исмаилов Ш.Ш., Сапиева Ж.А., Трусов А.А., Мусабекова Г.А., Касымбекова С.Ж., Ракишева А.С. Безопасность новых режимов профилактического лечения туберкулеза и приверженность к их соблюдению по данным Республики Казахстан // Туберкулез и болезни легких. – 2023. – Т. 101, № 1. – С. 17-26. https://doi.org/10.58838/2075-1230-2023-101-1-17-26Zhandauletova Zh.T., Nikishova E.I., Maryandyshev A.O., Serikbaeva K.S., Adenov M.M., Ismailov Sh.Sh., Sapieva Zh.A., Trusov A.A., Musabekova G.A., Kasymbekova S.Zh., Rakisheva A.S. Safety of new tuberculosis treatment regimens and compliance with these regimens according to data from the Republic of Kazakhstan. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2023;101(1):17-26. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.58838/2075-1230-2023-101-1-17-26Клинические рекомендации «Туберкулез у детей», 2024. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/507_3 [Дата обращения: 15.12.2025].Clinical guidelines. Tuberculosis in children, 2024. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/507_3 (Accessed: December 15, 2025). (In Russ.)Никифоренко Н.А., Лозовская М.Э., Новик Г.А., Деревянко А.В., Кочмарев Н.В. Роль факторов риска в развитии туберкулеза у детей из очагов с устойчивостью микобактерий к рифампицину // Туберкулез и болезни легких. – 2021. – Т. 99, № 7 – С. 18-25. https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-7-18-25Nikiforenko N.A., Lozovskaya M.E., Novik G.А., Derevyanko А.V., Kochmarev N.V. The role of risk factors in the development of tuberculosis in children exposed to rifampicin resistant tuberculosis. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2021;99(7):18-25. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-7-18-25Стерликов С.А., Кучерявая Д.А. Основные эпидемиологические показатели по туберкулезу в Российской Федерации за 2023 год. Ресурсы и деятельность медицинских организаций, оказывающих фтизиатрическую помощь. URL: https://t.me/TBStat [Дата обращения: 15.12.2025].Sterlikov S.A., Kucheryavaya D.A. Main epidemiological TB indicators in the Russian Federation for 2023. Resources and activities of the healthcare institutions providing phthisiatric care, 2024. Available at: https://t.me/TBStat (Accessed: December 15, 2025) (In Russ.)Стерликов С.А. Эпидемиология туберкулеза у детей и подростков в 2024 году. URL: https://t.me/TBStat [Дата обращения: 15.12.2025].Sterlikov S.A. Epidemiology of tuberculosis in children and adolescents in 2024. Available at: https://t.me/TBStat (Accessed: December 15, 2025). (In Russ.)Ahmed S., Lotia-Farrukh I., Khan P.Y., Adnan S., Sodho J.S., Bano S., Siddiqui M.R., Ghafoor A., Isani A.K., Salahuddin N., Khan U. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB among household contacts in a high burden setting // The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease. – 2023. – Vol. 27, № 8. – P. 646-648. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.23.0123Ahmed S., Lotia-Farrukh I., Khan P.Y., Adnan S., Sodho J.S., Bano S., Siddiqui M.R., Ghafoor A., Isani A.K., Salahuddin N., Khan U. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB among household contacts in a high burden setting // The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease. – 2023. – Vol. 27, № 8. – P. 646-648. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.23.0123Akalu T.Y., Clements A.C.A., Gebreyohannes E.A., Gilmour B., Alene K.A. Prevalence of tuberculosis infection among contacts of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis // The Journal of infection. – 2024. – Vol. 89, № 2. – Р. 106198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106198Akalu T.Y., Clements A.C.A., Gebreyohannes E.A., Gilmour B., Alene K.A. Prevalence of tuberculosis infection among contacts of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis // The Journal of infection. – 2024. – Vol. 89, № 2. – Р. 106198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106198Bedaquiline Roll-out Evidence in Contacts and People Living With HIV to Prevent TB. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06568484?cond=Tuberculosis&term=breach&rank=1 [Accessed 27.09.2025].Bedaquiline Roll-out Evidence in Contacts and People Living With HIV to Prevent TB. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06568484?cond=Tuberculosis&term=breach&rank=1 [Accessed 27.09.2025].Benhur J. S., Santosh K., Kunal D., Gajendra V. S., Hariharan, Rishabh G. A study of multidrug resistant tuberculosis among symptomatic household contacts of MDR-TB patients // Indian Journal of Tuberculosis. – 2021. – Vol. 68, № 1. – P. 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.030Benhur J. S., Santosh K., Kunal D., Gajendra V. S., Hariharan, Rishabh G. A study of multidrug resistant tuberculosis among symptomatic household contacts of MDR-TB patients // Indian Journal of Tuberculosis. – 2021. – Vol. 68, № 1. – P. 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.030Chatla C., Jaju J., Achanta S., Samyuktha R., Chakramahanti S., Purad C., Chepuri R., Nair S. A., Parmar M. Active case finding of rifampicin sensitive and resistant TB among household contacts of drug resistant TB patients in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India – A systematic screening intervention // The Indian journal of tuberculosis. – 2018. – Vol. 65, № 3. – P. 218-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2018.02.004Chatla C., Jaju J., Achanta S., Samyuktha R., Chakramahanti S., Purad C., Chepuri R., Nair S. A., Parmar M. Active case finding of rifampicin sensitive and resistant TB among household contacts of drug resistant TB patients in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India – A systematic screening intervention // The Indian journal of tuberculosis. – 2018. – Vol. 65, № 3. – P. 218-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2018.02.004Chihota V., Gombe M., Gupta A., et al. Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment in High TB-Burden Settings: A State-of-the-Art Review // Drugs. – 2025. – Vol. 85, № 2. – P. 127-147. https://doi:10.1007/s40265-024-02131-3Chihota V., Gombe M., Gupta A., et al. Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment in High TB-Burden Settings: A State-of-the-Art Review // Drugs. – 2025. – Vol. 85, № 2. – P. 127-147. https://doi:10.1007/s40265-024-02131-3Duong T., Brigden J., Simon Schaaf H., Garden F., Marais B.J., Anh Nguyen T., White I.R., Gibb D.M., Nhung N.V., Martinson N.A., Fairlie L., Martinez L., Layton C., Benedetti A., Marks G.B., Turner R.M., Seddon J.A., Hesseling A.C., Fox G.J. A Meta-Analysis of Levofloxacin for Contacts of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis // NEJM evidence. – Vol. 4, № 1. – Р. EVIDoa2400190. https://doi.org/10.1056/EVIDoa2400190Duong T., Brigden J., Simon Schaaf H., Garden F., Marais B.J., Anh Nguyen T., White I.R., Gibb D.M., Nhung N.V., Martinson N.A., Fairlie L., Martinez L., Layton C., Benedetti A., Marks G.B., Turner R.M., Seddon J.A., Hesseling A.C., Fox G.J. A Meta-Analysis of Levofloxacin for Contacts of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis // NEJM evidence. – Vol. 4, № 1. – Р. EVIDoa2400190. https://doi.org/10.1056/EVIDoa2400190Fox G.J., Nguyen C.B., Nguyen T.A., et al. Levofloxacin versus placebo for the treatment of latent tuberculosis among contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (the VQUIN MDR trial): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial // BMJ Open. – 2020. – Vol.10, № 1. – Р. e033945. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033945Fox G.J., Nguyen C.B., Nguyen T.A., et al. Levofloxacin versus placebo for the treatment of latent tuberculosis among contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (the VQUIN MDR trial): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial // BMJ Open. – 2020. – Vol.10, № 1. – Р. e033945. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033945Fox G.J., Nhung N.V., Cam Binh N., Hoa N.B., Garden F.L., Benedetti A., Ngoc Yen P., Cuong N.K., MacLean E.L., Yapa H.M., Dowdy D.W., Lan N.H., Guevara-Rattray E., Duc Cuong P., Solomon O., Behr M.A., Marais B.J., Graham S.M., Menzies D., Thu Anh N., Marks G.B. Levofloxacin for the Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam // The New England journal of medicine. – 2024. – Vol. 391, № 24. – P. 2304-2314. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2314325Fox G.J., Nhung N.V., Cam Binh N., Hoa N.B., Garden F.L., Benedetti A., Ngoc Yen P., Cuong N.K., MacLean E.L., Yapa H.M., Dowdy D.W., Lan N.H., Guevara-Rattray E., Duc Cuong P., Solomon O., Behr M.A., Marais B.J., Graham S.M., Menzies D., Thu Anh N., Marks G.B. Levofloxacin for the Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam // The New England journal of medicine. – 2024. – Vol. 391, № 24. – P. 2304-2314. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2314325Guidance on evidence generation on new regimens for tuberculosis preventive treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.Guidance on evidence generation on new regimens for tuberculosis preventive treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.Global tuberculosis report 2025. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGOGlobal tuberculosis report 2025. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGOGupta A., Swindells S., Kim S., Hughes M.D., Naini L., Wu X., Dawson R., Mave V., Sanchez J., Mendoza A., Gonzales P., Kumarasamy N., Comins K., Conradie F., Shenje J., Fontain S.N., Garcia-Prats A., Asmelash A., Nedsuwan S., Mohapi L., Churchyard G. Feasibility of Identifying Household Contacts of Rifampin-and Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Cases at High Risk of Progression to Tuberculosis Disease // Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. – 2020. – Vol. 70, № 3. – P. 425-435. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz235Gupta A., Swindells S., Kim S., Hughes M.D., Naini L., Wu X., Dawson R., Mave V., Sanchez J., Mendoza A., Gonzales P., Kumarasamy N., Comins K., Conradie F., Shenje J., Fontain S.N., Garcia-Prats A., Asmelash A., Nedsuwan S., Mohapi L., Churchyard G. Feasibility of Identifying Household Contacts of Rifampin-and Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Cases at High Risk of Progression to Tuberculosis Disease // Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. – 2020. – Vol. 70, № 3. – P. 425-435. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz235Gureva T., Turkova A., Yablokova E., Smirnova P., Sveshnikova O., Zolotaya O., Nikishova E., Heldal E., Hinderaker S., Seddon J. A., Mariandyshev A. Fluoroquinolone preventive therapy for children exposed to MDR-TB. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease: the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. – 2022. – Vol. 26, № 2. – P. 171-173. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.21.0443Gureva T., Turkova A., Yablokova E., Smirnova P., Sveshnikova O., Zolotaya O., Nikishova E., Heldal E., Hinderaker S., Seddon J. A., Mariandyshev A. Fluoroquinolone preventive therapy for children exposed to MDR-TB. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease: the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. – 2022. – Vol. 26, № 2. – P. 171-173. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.21.0443Hesseling A.C., Purchase S.E., Martinson N.A., Fairlie L., Schaaf H.S., Brigden J., Staples S., Gibb D.M., Garcia-Prats A., Conradie F., McGowan C., Layton C., Batist E., Demers A.M., Nyamathe S., Frigati L., Turner R., Duong T., Seddon J.A. Levofloxacin Preventive Treatment in Children Exposed to MDR Tuberculosis // The New England journal of medicine. – 2024. – Vol. 391, № 24. – P. 2315-2326. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2314318Hesseling A.C., Purchase S.E., Martinson N.A., Fairlie L., Schaaf H.S., Brigden J., Staples S., Gibb D.M., Garcia-Prats A., Conradie F., McGowan C., Layton C., Batist E., Demers A.M., Nyamathe S., Frigati L., Turner R., Duong T., Seddon J.A. Levofloxacin Preventive Treatment in Children Exposed to MDR Tuberculosis // The New England journal of medicine. – 2024. – Vol. 391, № 24. – P. 2315-2326. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2314318Hiruy N., Melese M., Habte D., Jerene D., Gashu Z., Alem G., Jemal I., Tessema B., Belayneh B., Suarez P.G. Comparison of the yield of tuberculosis among contacts of multidrug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia using GeneXpert as a primary diagnostic test // International journal of infectious diseases: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. – 2018. – № 71. – P. 4-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.03.011Hiruy N., Melese M., Habte D., Jerene D., Gashu Z., Alem G., Jemal I., Tessema B., Belayneh B., Suarez P.G. Comparison of the yield of tuberculosis among contacts of multidrug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia using GeneXpert as a primary diagnostic test // International journal of infectious diseases: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. – 2018. – № 71. – P. 4-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.03.011Huang C.C., Becerra M.C., Calderon R., Contreras C., Galea J., Grandjean L., Lecca L., Yataco R., Zhang Z., Murray M. Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Contacts of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis // American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. – 2020. – Vol. 202, № 8. – P. 1159-1168. https://doi:10.1164/rccm.201908-1576OCHuang C.C., Becerra M.C., Calderon R., Contreras C., Galea J., Grandjean L., Lecca L., Yataco R., Zhang Z., Murray M. Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Contacts of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis // American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. – 2020. – Vol. 202, № 8. – P. 1159-1168. https://doi:10.1164/rccm.201908-1576OCHuynh J., Marais B.J. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection and disease in children: a review of new and repurposed drugs // Therapeutic advances in infectious disease. – 2019. – № 6. – Р. 2049936119864737. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936119864737Huynh J., Marais B.J. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection and disease in children: a review of new and repurposed drugs // Therapeutic advances in infectious disease. – 2019. – № 6. – Р. 2049936119864737. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936119864737Kendall Michelle A. Protecting Households on Exposure to Newly Diagnosed Index Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: Study Protocol for the Phoenix Phase 3 Clinical Trial, 2025. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5292585 [Accessed 27.09.2025].Kendall Michelle A. Protecting Households on Exposure to Newly Diagnosed Index Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: Study Protocol for the Phoenix Phase 3 Clinical Trial, 2025. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5292585 [Accessed 27.09.2025].Kherabi Y., Tunesi S., Kay A., Guglielmetti L. Preventive Therapy for Contacts of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis // Pathogens. – 2022. – № 11. – Р. 1189. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101189Kherabi Y., Tunesi S., Kay A., Guglielmetti L. Preventive Therapy for Contacts of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis // Pathogens. – 2022. – № 11. – Р. 1189. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101189Koch A., Mizrahi V. Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Trends Microbiol. – 2018. – Vol. 26, № 6. – P. 555-556. https://doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.02.012Koch A., Mizrahi V. Mycobacterium tuberculosis // Trends Microbiol. – 2018. – Vol. 26, № 6. – P. 555-556. https://doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.02.012Liebenberg D., Gordhan B.G., Kana B.D. Drug resistant tuberculosis: Implications for transmission, diagnosis, and disease management // Front Cell Infect Microbiol. – 2022. – № 12. – Р. 943545. https://doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.943545Liebenberg D., Gordhan B.G., Kana B.D. Drug resistant tuberculosis: Implications for transmission, diagnosis, and disease management // Front Cell Infect Microbiol. – 2022. – № 12. – Р. 943545. https://doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.943545Migliori G.B., Tiberi S., Zumla A., Petersen E., Chakaya J.M., Wejse C., Muñoz Torrico M., Duarte R., Alffenaar J.W., Schaaf H.S., Marais B.J., Cirillo D.M., Alagna R., Rendon A., Pontali E., Piubello A., Figueroa J., Ferlazzo G., García-Basteiro A., Centis R. MDR/XDR-TB management of patients and contacts: Challenges facing the new decade. The 2020 clinical update by the Global Tuberculosis Network // International journal of infectious diseases: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. – 2020. – № 92S. – P. 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.042Migliori G.B., Tiberi S., Zumla A., Petersen E., Chakaya J.M., Wejse C., Muñoz Torrico M., Duarte R., Alffenaar J.W., Schaaf H.S., Marais B.J., Cirillo D.M., Alagna R., Rendon A., Pontali E., Piubello A., Figueroa J., Ferlazzo G., García-Basteiro A., Centis R. MDR/XDR-TB management of patients and contacts: Challenges facing the new decade. The 2020 clinical update by the Global Tuberculosis Network // International journal of infectious diseases: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. – 2020. – № 92S. – P. 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.042Nahid P., Mase S.R., Migliori G.B., Sotgiu G., Bothamley G.H., Brozek J.L., Cattamanchi A., Cegielski J.P., Chen L., Daley C.L., Dalton T.L., Duarte R., Fregonese F., Horsburgh C.R., Jr Ahmad Khan F., Kheir F., Lan Z., Lardizabal A., Lauzardo M., Mangan J.M., Seaworth B. Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. An Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline // American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. – 2019. – Vol. 200, № 10. – Р. e93-e142. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201909-1874STNahid P., Mase S.R., Migliori G.B., Sotgiu G., Bothamley G.H., Brozek J.L., Cattamanchi A., Cegielski J.P., Chen L., Daley C.L., Dalton T.L., Duarte R., Fregonese F., Horsburgh C.R., Jr Ahmad Khan F., Kheir F., Lan Z., Lardizabal A., Lauzardo M., Mangan J.M., Seaworth B. Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. An Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline // American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. – 2019. – Vol. 200, № 10. – Р. e93-e142. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201909-1874STPhyo A.M., Kumar A.M.V., Soe K.T., Kyaw K.W.Y., Thu A.S., Wai P.P., Aye S., Saw S., Win Maung H.M., Aung S.T. Contact Investigation of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: A Mixed-Methods Study from Myanmar // Trop Med Infect Dis. – 2019. – Vol. 5, № 1. – Р. 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5010003Phyo A.M., Kumar A.M.V., Soe K.T., Kyaw K.W.Y., Thu A.S., Wai P.P., Aye S., Saw S., Win Maung H.M., Aung S.T. Contact Investigation of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: A Mixed-Methods Study from Myanmar // Trop Med Infect Dis. – 2019. – Vol. 5, № 1. – Р. 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5010003Pradipta I.S., Forsman L.D., Bruchfeld J., Hak E., Alffenaar J.W. Risk factors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A global systematic review and meta-analysis // J Infect. – 2018. – Vol. 77, № 6. – P. 469-478. https://doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2018.10.004Pradipta I.S., Forsman L.D., Bruchfeld J., Hak E., Alffenaar J.W. Risk factors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A global systematic review and meta-analysis // J Infect. – 2018. – Vol. 77, № 6. – P. 469-478. https://doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2018.10.004Protecting Households On Exposure to Newly Diagnosed Index Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients (PHOENIx MDR-TB). Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03568383 [Accessed 27.09.2025].Protecting Households On Exposure to Newly Diagnosed Index Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients (PHOENIx MDR-TB). Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03568383 [Accessed 27.09.2025].Rajeev K., RAS Kushwaha, Amita J., Zameerul H., Priyanka G., Sarika P. Tuberculosis Among Household Contacts of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cases at a Tertiary Hospital in Lucknow, India // International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research. – 2018. – Vol. 4, № 2. – P. 1707-1712. https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.2.16Rajeev K., RAS Kushwaha, Amita J., Zameerul H., Priyanka G., Sarika P. Tuberculosis Among Household Contacts of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cases at a Tertiary Hospital in Lucknow, India // International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research. – 2018. – Vol. 4, № 2. – P. 1707-1712. https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.2.16Seddon J.A., Garcia-Prats A.J., Purchase S.E., Osman M., Demers A.M., Hoddinott G., Crook A.M., Owen-Powell E., Thomason M.J., Turkova A., Gibb D.M., Fairlie L., Martinson N., Schaaf H.S., Hesseling A.C. Levofloxacin versus placebo for the prevention of tuberculosis disease in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: study protocol for a phase III cluster randomised controlled trial (TB-CHAMP) // Trials. – Vol. 19, № 1. – P. 693. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-3070-0Seddon J.A., Garcia-Prats A.J., Purchase S.E., Osman M., Demers A.M., Hoddinott G., Crook A.M., Owen-Powell E., Thomason M.J., Turkova A., Gibb D.M., Fairlie L., Martinson N., Schaaf H.S., Hesseling A.C. Levofloxacin versus placebo for the prevention of tuberculosis disease in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: study protocol for a phase III cluster randomised controlled trial (TB-CHAMP) // Trials. – Vol. 19, № 1. – P. 693. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-3070-0Seddon J.A., Achar J., Malik A.A., et al. Management of individuals exposed to multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis // Lancet Infect Dis. – 2025. – Vol. 25, № 12. – Р. e692-e704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00157-4Seddon J.A., Achar J., Malik A.A., et al. Management of individuals exposed to multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis // Lancet Infect Dis. – 2025. – Vol. 25, № 12. – Р. e692-e704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00157-4Seid G., Alemu A., Diriba G., Zerihun B., Abebaw Y., Moga S., Abdela S., Habtemariam S., Gumi B. Routine tuberculosis contact investigation yield and preventive treatment cascade in central Ethiopia // Heliyon. – 2024. – Vol. 10, № 10. – Р. e30942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30942Seid G., Alemu A., Diriba G., Zerihun B., Abebaw Y., Moga S., Abdela S., Habtemariam S., Gumi B. Routine tuberculosis contact investigation yield and preventive treatment cascade in central Ethiopia // Heliyon. – 2024. – Vol. 10, № 10. – Р. e30942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30942WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 1: prevention – tuberculosis preventive treatment, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 1: prevention – tuberculosis preventive treatment, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 5: Management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. PMID:35404556.WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 5: Management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. PMID:35404556.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.