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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tiblj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез и болезни легких</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-1230</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Медицинские знания и технологии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58838/2075-1230-2026-104-3-107-117</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tiblj-1978</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фенотипическая и молекулярно-генетическая устойчивость Mycobacterium tuberculosis к фторхинолонам: обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phenotypic and Molecular Genetic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Fluoroquinolones: A Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0850-5889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олейник</surname><given-names>И. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleynik</surname><given-names>I. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олейник Ирина Константиновна, Младший научный сотрудник научной лаборатории микробиологии</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, д. 4, к. 2;</p><p>Тел. +7 (495) 631-15-15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina K. Oleynik, Junior Researcher of Microbiology Research Laboratory</p><p>4, Bldg. 2, Dostoevskogo St., Moscow, 127473;</p><p>Tel.: +7 (495) 631-15-15</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">OleynikIK@nmrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-4557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеев</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseev</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елисеев Платон Иванович, К. м. н., заведующий научной лабораторией микробиологии</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, д. 4, к. 2;</p><p>Тел. +7 (495) 631-15-15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Platon I. Eliseev, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Microbiology Research Laboratory </p><p>4, Bldg. 2, Dostoevskogo St., Moscow, 127473;</p><p>Tel.: +7 (495) 631-15-15</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EliseevPI@nmrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9380-8727</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панова Анна Евгеньевна, К. м. н., руководитель научного отдела микробиологии и молекулярной генетики</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, д. 4, к. 2;</p><p>Тел. +7 (495) 631-15-15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna E. Panova, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Research Department</p><p>4, Bldg. 2, Dostoevskogo St., Moscow, 127473;</p><p>Tel.: +7 (495) 631-15-15</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">panova_ae@nmrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-9777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самойлова Анастасия Геннадьевна, Д. м. н., заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, д. 4, к. 2;</p><p>Тел. +7 (495) 631-15-15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia G. Samoilova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director for Research</p><p>4, Bldg. 2, Dostoevskogo St., Moscow, 127473;</p><p>Tel.: +7 (495) 631-15-15</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.samoilova.nmrc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>117</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Олейник И.К., Елисеев П.И., Панова А.Е., Самойлова А.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Олейник И.К., Елисеев П.И., Панова А.Е., Самойлова А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oleynik I.K., Eliseev P.I., Panova A.E., Samoilova A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1978">https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1978</self-uri><abstract><p>Фторхинолоны являются важнейшими препаратами для лечения лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза, однако рост резистентности к ним снижает эффективность терапии. В обзоре представлены современные данные о молекулярно-генетических и фенотипических механизмах устойчивости M. tuberculosis к фторхинолонам. Основное внимание уделено мутациям генов gyrA и gyrB, кодирующих ДНК-гиразу – основную мишень препаратов данного класса. Показано, что мутации QRDR-области гена gyrA являются ведущими детерминантами резистентности и связаны с повышением минимальных ингибирующих концентраций фторхинолонов. Рассмотрены роль альтернативных механизмов устойчивости, включая эффлюксные системы и изменения гена glpK, а также значение каталога мутаций ВОЗ для клинической интерпретации генетических вариантов. Подчеркивается необходимость комплексного применения фенотипических и молекулярно-генетических методов для диагностики и контроля лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Fluoroquinolones are essential drugs for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis; however, the rise in resistance to these agents significantly reduces treatment efficacy. This review summarizes current data on the molecular genetic and phenotypic mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to fluoroquinolones. Particular attention is focused on mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes encoding DNA gyrase, the primary target of fluoroquinolones. Mutations within the QRDR of gyrA are the major determinants of resistance and are associated with an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of fluoroquinolones. This review examines the role of alternative resistance mechanisms, including efflux pump systems and glpK-associated adaptations, as well as the importance of the WHO Catalogue of Mutations for variant interpretation. The integration of phenotypic and molecular diagnostic approaches is essential for the effective detection and control of drug-resistant tuberculosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>M. Tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>фторхинолоны</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>gyrA</kwd><kwd>gyrB</kwd><kwd>ДНК-гираза</kwd><kwd>молекулярная диагностика</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>M. tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>fluoroquinolones</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>gyrA</kwd><kwd>gyrB</kwd><kwd>DNA gyrase</kwd><kwd>molecular diagnostics</kwd><kwd>whole-genome sequencing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алгазина В.В., Смирнова Т.Г., Романов В.В., Эргешов А.Э. 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