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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tiblj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Туберкулез и болезни легких</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-1230</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1506</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Медицинские знания и технологии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21292/2075-1230-2016-94-5-62-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tiblj-889</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распределение микрофлоры в легких как причина и следствие неэффективности антибактериальной терапии вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Distribution of microbial population as a cause and consequence of the anti-bacterial therapy failure of ventilator-associated pneumonia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеченин</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chechenin</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник центра анестезиологии и реаниматологии,</p><p>630055, г. Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Center,</p><p>15, Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630055</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chechenin1970@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник центра новых технологий,</p><p>630055, г. Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Center of New Technologies,</p><p>15, Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630055</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_volkov@meshalkin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlay</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры экономики и маркетинга в здравоохранении ФГБОУ ДПО «Институт повышения квалификации» ФМБА России,</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 15, к.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Health Care Economics and Marketing Department of Professional Development Institute,</p><p>15, Building 1, Gamaleya St., Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d62@lenta.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, врач-бактериолог,</p><p>630055, г. Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Bacteriologist,</p><p>15, Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630055</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v_ilyina@meshalkin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эндоскопист,</p><p>630055, г. Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Endoscopist,</p><p>15, Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630055</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m_orlova@meshalkin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-бактериолог,</p><p>630055, г. Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bacteriologist,</p><p>15, Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630055</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l_samoylova@meshalkin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сучкова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suchkova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая бактериологической лабораторией,</p><p>630055, г. Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Bacteriological Laboratory,</p><p>15, Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630055</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i_suchkova@meshalkin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «ННИИПК им. акад. Е. Н. Мешалкина» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>E. N. Meshalkin Research Institute of Blood Circulation Pathology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Институт повышения квалификации» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Professional Development Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>94</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чеченин М.Г., Волков А.М., Кудлай Д.А., Ильина В.Н., Орлова М.Н., Самойлова Л.М., Сучкова И.А., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чеченин М.Г., Волков А.М., Кудлай Д.А., Ильина В.Н., Орлова М.Н., Самойлова Л.М., Сучкова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chechenin M.G., Volkov A.M., Kudlay D.A., Ilyina V.N., Orlova M.N., Samoylova L.M., Suchkova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/889">https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/889</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить особенности распределения микрофлоры в легких у длительно вентилируемых пациентов по результатам микробиологического посева материала из различных участков легких и трахеобронхиального дерева, получаемого прижизненно при бронхоскопии либо посмертно.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Пилотное исследование, включающее прижизненное и посмертное определение микрофлоры в различных участках легких и трахеобронхиального дерева у 18 пациентов с признаками развития вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонии после сердечно-сосудистых и нейрохирургических операций. Прижизненное микробиологическое исследование аспирата из всех долевых бронхов обоих легких, полученного при фибробронхоскопии, выполнено у 9 пациентов. Посмертный секционный забор тканей легких для посева из всех долей обоих легких, язычковых сегментов левого легкого и соответствующих им бронхов (всего 12 образцов из легкого и бронхов) в течение суток после смерти выполнен у 9 пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. По данным микробиологического исследования, легочная инфекция имелась у всех пациентов обеих групп. Прижизненное исследование выявило междолевые различия микробного спектра в 5 случаях, в 4 из которых также были межлегочные различия. Посмертное микробиологическое исследование выявило внутридолевые и междолевые различия в 6 случаях, среди которых в 5 случаях также имелись межлегочные различия. Во всех случаях неравномерного распределения микрофлоры, выявленных посмертно, междолевые различия сопровождались внутридолевыми (между образцами из легочной ткани и дренирующего бронха). Анализ данных прижизненной и посмертной микробиологической диагностики выявил при вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонии схожесть распределения микрофлоры в трахеобронхиальном дереве, несмотря на различную методику забора материала для исследования. Предложен диагностический тест, способный отражать регионарное распределение микрофлоры: посев аспирата из 5 долевых бронхов, что может использоваться при лечении пациентов с вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонией.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Goal of the study</title><p>Goal of the study: to study the specific distribution of microbial population in the lungs in the patients being on artificial pulmonary ventilation for a continuous period of time basing on the results of bacteriological culture of the specimens collected from various parts of the lungs and tracheobronchial system through intravital broncoscopy or post mortem.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Pilot study including intravital and post mortem identification of microbial population in various parts of the lungs and tracheobronchial system in 18 patients with signs of ventilator-associated pneumonia developed after cardiac-vascular and neurosurgical interventions. Intravital microbiological tests of the aspirate collected from all lobar bronchi of both lungs obtained through fiber-optic bronchoscopy were performed in 9 patients. Post mortem collection of pulmonary tissue for culture from all lobes of both lungs, lingulars of the left lung and relevant bronchi (totally 12 specimens from the lungs and bronchi) during 24 hours after death was performed in 9 patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Results of the study</title><p>Results of the study. As per the data of microbiological tests the pulmonary infection was found in all patients from both groups. Intravital tests detected inter-lobar differences of microbial profile in 5 cases, and in 4 cases the differences were detected between the lungs. Post mortem microbiological tests detected differences between lobes and within lobes in 6 cases, of them in 5 cases there were also differences between the lungs. In all cases of nonuniform distribution detected post mortem, differences between lobes were accompanied by the differences within lobes (between tissue of the lungs and draining bronchus). Data analysis of intravital and post mortem microbiological diagnostics detected the similarity in the microbial population distribution in the tracheobronchial system in case of ventilator-associated pneumonia despite the different techniques of specimen collection. The diagnostic test capable to reflect regional distribution of the microbial population has been offered: aspirate culture from 5 lobar bronchi which could be used when managing patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вентилятор-ассоциированная пневмония</kwd><kwd>вентилятор-ассоциированный трахеобронхит</kwd><kwd>распределение микрофлоры в легком</kwd><kwd>бронхоальвеолярный лаваж</kwd><kwd>микробиологическое исследование аспирата из бронхов</kwd><kwd>посмертный забор микрофлоры из легких</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ventilator-associated pneumonia</kwd><kwd>ventilator associated tracheobronchitis</kwd><kwd>distribution of microbial population in the lung</kwd><kwd>bronchoalveolar lavage</kwd><kwd>microbiological testing of bronchial aspirate</kwd><kwd>post mortem collection of the pulmonary microbial population</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белобородов В. 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