Species diversity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in patients with mycobacteriosis in the North-Western Federal District of Russia

The objective of the study: to analyze the structure and trends in non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTBM) population causing diseases in the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation.

Subjects and methods. 745 clinical NTBM strains were identified. All clinical strains of NTBM were isolated by culture from clinical samples (sputum, bronchial washings, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, pus, stool, urine, surgical and biopsy specimens, and venous blood in case of sepsis). In 23 cases, NTBM were detected post mortem. Mycobacteria were cultured on solid media or by the automated system of Bactec MGIT 960 BD USA. Species of re-cultured mycobacteria were identified using the test system of GenoType® Mycobacterium CM/AS (Hain Lifescience, Germany).

Results. Analysis of the structure of the NTBM population isolated from patients with mycobacteriosis in the North-West of Russia, for the period of 2012-2018 showed overall dominance of M. avium (56.4%). However, certain NTBM species were found to be prevailing in some regions: M. lentiflavum and M. gordonae dominated in the Komi Republic and Arkhangelsk respectively. Unlike other regions of Russia, in the North-Western region, there was a consistently low level of detection of M. кansasii and M. xenopi. For the last 12 years in Saint Petersburg and Leningrad region, the variety NTBM in patients with different immune status has been growing but the portion of M. avium remains to be stably high exceeding 50%.

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