130 children were examined: 65 children suffering from tuberculosis and perinatal HIV-infection (continuous sampling); 65 children suffering from tuberculosis (pairwise sampling as per gender and age). The following was considered to be a significant risk factor in TB/HIV co-infection: exposure to the infectious tuberculosis patient (ОR = 2.2 [1.03-4.60]); lack of anti-tuberculosis vaccination (ОR = 7.9 [2.2-28.5]); defects in completeness and frequency of X-ray examination of the adults surrounding the child (ОR = 4.4 [2.0-9.6]); poor follow-up of the HIV-infected child in the general medical services (ОR = 2.6 [1.2-5.4]) and socially marginalized behavior of the adult family members (ОR = 3.8 [1.8-8.0]).

In order to evaluate the efficiency and scope of tuberculosis prevention activities conducted among those HIV-infected in Siberian Federal District the statistic data for 5 years have been derived from annual reports and main statistic forms and analyzed. The coverage with preventive screening for tuberculosis among the HIV-infected is high in the district and makes 99.9% (by X-ray). 96.1% of HIV patients have been examined for secondary disorders including tuberculosis. The frequency of tuberculosis preventive chemotherapy in those with immune suppression due to HIV goes up every year. However the main pool of those falling ill with tuberculosis are the patients at the late stages of HIV-infection. This unfavorable situation is due to the lack of motivation and treatment and examination compliance in those living HIV thus it results in the increase of tuberculosis epidemics in HIV patients.

In 2014 in 18 regions of the Russian Federation with the high prevalence of HIV infection the part of HIV patients covered by tuberculosis preventive chemotherapy was extremely small making 5.8% out of the total number. And the part of children and adolescents in the age from 0 to 17 years old made only 1.8%. Only in 6 out of 18 Russian regions the preventive tuberculosis chemotherapy was conducted among new HIV patients. In 15 Russian regions among HIV infected children and adolescents in the age from 0 to 17 years old no preventive tuberculosis chemotherapy was done.

The analysis included 127 patients with residual tuberculous changes in the lungs having tuberculosis relapse for the last 5 years. Among them women made 26 (20.5%) and men made 101 (79.5%). The late relapses were characterized by more severe clinical forms compared to the primary disease. In those with residual tuberculous changes the risk of relapse is present through the rest of life with the highest risk in the period from 5 to 20 years after taking off the register (65.2%) and when the age of patients is above 50 years old (68.5%). It would be feasible and logical to keep the patients with residual tuberculous changes for follow-up in tuberculosis control services.

Safety and efficiency of chemotherapy regimens including the new anti-tuberculosis drug of bedaquiline have been evaluated in 49 patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis with multiple and extensive drug resistance. The chemotherapy tolerance monitoring has detected the causality between bedaquiline intake as per Naranjo score in 12.2% of the patients, all reactions were reversible, but the cancellation of the drug was needed in 5 cases out of 6. The efficiency evaluation of six month treatment with bedaquiline showed satisfactory results as per the main efficiency criterion – sputum conversion. Sputum smear conversion was registered in 80.0% of patients, sputum conversion confirmed by culture was registered in 66.7% of patients with cessation or significant reduction of intoxication syndrome – in 83.3% of patients. The positive changes in X-ray were observed in 63.3% of cases, but cavity closure was achieved only in 25% of patients which was due to continuity of the preceding follow-up with the development of expressed fibrosis lesions in the lung tissue of the examined patients. The conclusion was made about satisfactory tolerance and efficiency of the new anti-tuberculosis drug of bedaquiline.

77 asthma patients with co-morbid hypertension (main group) and 57 asthma patients without hypertension (comparison group) were examined. The biochemical and immunological rates characterizing the inflammation expression on the system and regional levels and state of lipid and carbohydrate exchange were examined as well as lipid peroxygenation-anti-oxidant protection system. In patients with co-morbid disorders the inflammation was more expressed and the connection between rates reflecting the expression of inflammation was found with the rates state of lipid and carbohydrate exchange of lipid peroxygenation-anti-oxidant protection system. It was found out that patients with co-morbid hypertension had lower health index and rarely achieved the full control over asthma.

Protease-resistant protein and lipid mycobacterial antigens are present in biological fluids of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Anti-tuberculosis monoclonal antibodies (MAb) reacting to proteins participating in the molybdopterin synthesis have been obtained. With the help of two MAb recognizing different epitopes on one antigen with molecular mass of 32, 50 and 75 kilodalton. With the help of which the two-site sandwich of IFA type capable of detecting the mycobacterial antigen in antigenic preparations of х M. tuberculosis and in urine samples of tuberculosis patients. However the specificity of this test is fairly low since when testing urine samples this antigen was found in the half of healthy donors. It is due to the fact that in human urogenital tract some opportunistic pathogens are present which belong to normal bacterial population with which the tested MAb have the cross-reaction.

The article presents the brief review of the current software developed for data analysis of microorganisms’ whole genomes.

The article presents the clinical case of successful treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the female adolescent with concurrent chronic kidney disease. The article highlights the need of the advanced examination for tuberculosis in patients with chronic kidney disease before and after renal transplantation and the need for integral individual approach to treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in such patients.