Detection of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents from Outbreaks with Lethal Cases in Astrakhan Oblast
https://doi.org/10.58838/2075-1230-2025-103-5-84-91
Abstract
The objective: to analyze medical and social factors in new cases among children and adolescents from tuberculosis outbreaks with lethal cases.
Subjects and Methods. 107 children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years were enrolled in the study. They all were examined and treated at Hospital No. 3 of Regional Clinical TB Dispensary in Astrakhan in 2015-2023. They were confirmed as new cases after exposure to 99 tuberculosis outbreaks with lethal cases.
Results. A retrospective analysis of medical records revealed that from 2015 to 2023, the absolute number of children and adolescents ill with tuberculosis after exposure to tuberculosis outbreaks with lethal cases decreased, which was associated with a significant reduction of tuberculosis mortality in the region. The majority of cases were identified by immunodiagnostics – 52/107 (48.6%) and contact screening – 50/107 (46.7%), the rest were detected by fluorography – 2/107 (1.9%) and when seeking medical help – 3/107 (2.8%). In children aged 0 to 14 years, tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes (TBITLN) was diagnosed more often – 77/88 (87.5%), of which in 51/77 (66.2%) children and 10/19 (52.6%) adolescents, the calcification phase was observed. Most often one of the parents was the index case at the outbreak with lethal cases – in 50/107 (46.7%) children or adolescents. Multidrug resistance of was confirmed in the index case in 68/99 (68.6%) outbreaks with lethal cases. In 40.2% of children or adolescents, tuberculosis was detected 3 years after the death of the index case. 36/107 (33.6%) children and adolescents belonged to socially marginalized families.
About the Authors
O. N. Chabanova
Astrakhan State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Olga N. Chabanova - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of Phthisiology Department.
121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan, 414000
Phone: + 7 (8512) 52-41-43
E. N. Streltsova
Astrakhan State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Elena N. Streltsova - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Phthisiology Department.
121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan, 414000
Phone: + 7 (8512) 52-41-43
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For citations:
Chabanova O.N., Streltsova E.N. Detection of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents from Outbreaks with Lethal Cases in Astrakhan Oblast. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2025;103(5):84-91. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.58838/2075-1230-2025-103-5-84-91
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